BACKGROUND Displacement of canine intervertebral disk material can be seen directly in diagnostic imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic imaging. Canine intervertebral disk herniation can be differentiated into Hansen type 1 and 2 categories by clinical appearance, but anular- and nuclear disk material cannot be distinguished in computed tomographic image...

Congenital and surgical defects of the neural arches of the spine have provided sonic windows and new applications for sonography in neuroradiology [1, 2]. The contents of the lumbar spinal canal can also be seen by an anterior approach, through the intervertebral disk, as illustrated in a recent atlas of sonography [3]. However, no previous report has been found on the use of sonography in the...

BACKGROUND For some scoliotic patients the spinal instrumentation is inevitable. Among these patients, those with stiff curvature will need thoracoscopic disk resection. The removal of the intervertebral disk with only thoracoscopic images is a tedious and challenging task for the surgeon. With computer aided surgery and 3D visualisation of the interverterbral disk during surgery, surgeons will...

Kyphoplasty is a therapeutic option for pain relief in the setting of compression fractures. Cement extravasation into adjacent disks is a common occurrence. The biomechanical and clinical consequences of cement in the disks currently are unknown. This study investigated the biomechanical effects of cement extravasation into the intervertebral disk in a human cadaveric model. Seven thoracolumba...

To correlate the MR appearance of the disk with its fibrous structure, we studied the lumbar intervertebral disks in 10 cadavers with MR, CT, cryomicrotome anatomic sections, and, in selected disks, with histologic and dried sections. In MR images the predominantly fibrous tissues such as Sharpey's fibers had a low signal intensity while the fibrocartilagenous tissues with a mucoid matrix in th...

A 51-year-old woman with no complaint or history of back pain volunteered for CT examination of the lower lumbar spine in connection with a study of normal spinal measurements. Contiguous 5 mm sections at the two lowest lumbar levels were obtained parallel to the intervertebral disks with a GE CTIT 8800 scanner. Two defects were found in the neural arch of L5. On the right side a narrow defect ...

PURPOSE To measure the effect of extension, flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation loads applied to the spine on the anatomic relationship of the spinal nerves in the neural foramen to the ligamentum flavum and the intervertebral disk, anc to determine the effect of disk degeneration on the response to loading. METHODS Cadaveric lumbar motion segments were examined with CT and MR imagin...

Two phantoms were constructed and imaged for the purpose of reproducing and understanding the relatively increased signal intensity of intervertebral disks on T1-weighted MR images in three patients with diffuse vertebral metastases. The first phantom simulated a normal spine and showed that the disks and vertebral bodies were of similar intensity. The second phantom simulated an abnormal spine...