Intra-uterine insemination produces better fertility than intra-vaginal insemination when breeding quail by artificial insemination (Wentworth & Mellen, 1963; Ogasawara & Huang, 1963). Insemination is best accomplished when an egg is present in the uterus. Wentworth & Mellen (1963) passed a needle through the postero-dorsal wall of the cloaca, the uterus wall and the egg, and injected semen int...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: WHO: World Health Organization; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; PS: Phosphatidylserine; EPS: Externalization of Phosphatidylserine; ART: Assisted Reproduction Techniques; IUI: Intra-Uterine Insemination; IVF: In Vitro Fertilization; ICSI: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; PICSI: Physiologic Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection; SU: Swim-Up;...

The objective of this study was to review the literature on sperm transport in the mare. During this process the sperm cells must reach the oviducts in order to fertilize the oocyte, but before reaching this site it must go through the uterus that is a hostile environment at this moment since there is an inflammatory reaction in this location that aims to eliminate excess spermatozoa and bacter...

the objective of this study was to review the literature on sperm transport in the mare. during this process the sperm cells must reach the oviducts in order to fertilize the oocyte, but before reaching this site it must go through the uterus that is a hostile environment at this moment since there is an inflammatory reaction in this location that aims to eliminate excess spermatozoa and bacter...

For all mares studied, a greater percentage of oviductal sperm were recovered from the ipsilateral oviduct following uterine horn insemination (77.3%) than resulted from uterine body insemination (53.8%). The number of oviductal sperm recovered from reproductively normal mares and mares with delayed uterine clearance was not different. Authors’ Addresses: Dept. of Large Animal Medicine & Surger...