Abstract Previous chapters have described nutritional care in geriatrics and orthogeriatrics detail, including special focus on malnutrition best practice nursing care. This chapter will recommendations guidelines for hydration, fluid intake intravenous therapy orthogeriatrics.

Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis is a highly evolved mechanism, designed to conserve sodium and water in periods of illness. The advent of intravenous fluid therapy has challenged this system to operate in an opposite manner and excrete perioperatively administered sodium and water. Excessive fluid generates oedema and is associated with organ dysfunction and even death. Numerous fluid types h...

venous pressure (CVP) is essential. Such a line lies in the superior vena cava and fluctuates easily with respiration. Rehydration is commenced with half normal saline. Pota ium solutions are not used. 3. On receipt of the acid-base, electrolyte and haematocrit readings, an admixture of bicarbonate (44 mEq in an ampoule or 150 mEq in a bottle) and potassium (usually 40 mEq/h) may be necessary. ...

The use of blood and intravenous fluid therapy is now considered routine therapy. The level of sophistication that we now perceive as standard has resulted from centuries of legends, religious beliefs, pseudo-science, non-scientific supposition, experimentation and error. The purpose of this article is to review the evolution of parenteral fluid and transfusion therapy through history. Data wer...

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of subcutaneous and intravenous fluid therapy in hydrating, elderly acute stroke patients. Thirty-four such patients, needing parenteral fluids because of impaired consciousness or dysphagia, were randomly allocated to receive either subcutaneous or intravenous fluids (2 litres of dextrose-saline/24 hours). Serum osmolality was measured bef...