During embryonic development of many organisms, the movement and folding of epithelial layers give rise to a variety of tissues and organs. Epithelial invagination is a morphogenetic movement by which the epithelium folds inward through a process involving individual cell shape changes (reviewed by Ettensohn, 1985; Fristrom, 1988). Several general models have been proposed to explain how an epi...

Apical constriction is a widely utilized cell shape change linked to folding, bending and invagination of polarized epithelia. It remains unclear how apical constriction is regulated spatiotemporally during tissue invagination and how this cellular process contributes to tube formation in different developmental contexts. Using Drosophila salivary gland (SG) invagination as a model, we show tha...

Epithelial invagination, a basic morphogenetic process reiterated throughout embryonic development, generates tubular structures such as the neural tube, or pit-like structures such as the optic cup. The 'purse-string' hypothesis, which proposes that circumferential bands of actin microfilaments at the apical end of epithelial cells constrict to yield a curved epithelial sheet, has been widely ...

BACKGROUND Epithelial invagination is a fundamental morphogenetic behavior that transforms a flat cell sheet into a pit or groove. Previous studies of invagination have focused on the role of actomyosin-dependent apical contraction; other mechanisms remain largely unexplored. RESULTS We combined experimental and computational approaches to identify a two-step mechanism for endoderm invaginati...

Siemionow and Chou review the surgical management of atlantoaxial instability in the context of Down syndrome, using two interesting illustrative cases with different craniocervical abnormalities (atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation and os odontoideum). Both patients present with significant craniocervical spinal cord compression, and in this context, they highlight the specific case nuances that...

The prevalence of dental anomalies including agenesis, crown shape, tooth position, root shape, and invagination were examined in 111 orthodontic patients; 74.77 per cent of the patients exhibited at least one dental anomaly. Invagination was found to be the most prevalent anomaly, whereas supernumerary teeth and root dilaceration were the least frequent anomalies. Dental invagination and short...

Introduction Appendicocecal intussusception is an uncommon condition which must be differentiated from other types of invagination due to different therapeutic approaches and its ultrasound findings are outspread and imperfectly presented in literature. We present a cas...

PURPOSE To evaluate the change of axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal astigmatism after scleral shortening with scleral invagination in the rabbit eye. METHODS The authors performed scleral shortening (3 mm) with scleral invagination in two groups of 6 eyes each: 180 degrees (group 1) and 360 degrees (group 2). RESULTS Average AL shortening was more prominent in group...

BACKGROUND Partial thickness sclerectomy is the most commonly employed scleral shortening technique used in conjunction with pars plana vitrectomy in the repair of myopia-associated macular holes in patients with staphyloma. Recently, scleral shortening induced through scleral invagination has been advocated as an adjunct in retinal translocation surgery. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a corr...