Article history: Received 2 April 2013 Accepted 26 May 2013 Available online xxxx This review discusses the genesis of impermeability in graphene and its extraordinary applications in fluid-encasement for wet electron-microscopy, selective gas-permeation, nanopore-bio-diffusion, and barrier coating against rusting and environmental hazards. As the thinnest material, graphene is composed of sp h...

One of the well-known polemics Indian thought, in which many darśanas participated, is concerned with problem validity (prāmāṇya) and invalidity (aprāmāṇya) cognition (jñāna). The has two main aspects: origination ascertainment invalidity. Mādhava’s Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha other external sources attribute to Sāṃkhya (a tradition thought recognising authority Vedas) view that both are intrinsic, re...

Although understanding large-scale spatial variation in species' distributions is a major goal in macroecology, relatively little attention has been paid to the factors limiting species' ranges. An understanding of these factors may improve predictions of species' movements in response to global change. We present a measure of landscape impermeability, defined as the proportion of resident spec...

an early stage (Hench, 1949). Hitherto it has not been practicable to establish the incidence of spontaneous arrest with any degree of certainty (Snorrason, 1950). In investigating the morbidity of the lesion, one of our chief difficulties has been to obtain a sufficiently large amount of patient material controlled by the same criteria (preferably by the same examiner) for a long period. Vario...