ipr owners have a right about voluntary transfer but sometimes intellectual property right transfer by force and thus, there are challenge that this article regard for its. ipr shall be devolved to their legitimate heirs after their death unless, owner indicate otherwise in their wills. the heirs have the exclusive right to exercise economic and moral rights, they decide upon publication of the...

In 1930 Frey described an unusual involuntary movement of the muscles of the chin, inherited as a dominant characteristic through five generations. Ganner (1938) described a similar family, and in discussion Westphal (1938) mentioned a family in whom this trait could be followed through six generations. Grossman (1957) and Wadlington (1958) reported smaller affected families, and Ford (1960) me...

OBJECTIVE Treatment of schizophrenia is frequently complicated by patients' ambivalence and lack of insight into the disease, occasionally warranting involuntary treatment. This study aims to describe involuntary treatment in Danish schizophrenia patients. METHOD Patients diagnosed with a lifetime ICD-10 F20 schizophrenia diagnosis and alive in the period 2004-2010 were identified in the Dani...

Recent studies have shown that involuntary autobiographical memories (IAMs) can be elicited in the laboratory. Here we assessed whether the specific instructions given to participants can change the nature of the IAMs reported, in terms of both their frequency and their characteristics. People were either made or not made aware that the aim of the study was to examine IAMs. They reported mental...

To the average person (perhaps even the average economist), unemployment is often equated to a state of involuntary idleness. Such a view, however, appears inconsistent with the way in which unemployment is actually defined and measured. According to International Labor Organization conventions (which are followed by most national labor force surveys), unemployment constitutes those (working-ag...

BACKGROUND The involuntary admission regulated under the Mental Health Act has become an increasingly important issue in the developed countries in recent years. Most studies about the distribution and associated factors of involuntary admission were carried out in the western countries; however, the results may vary in different areas with different legal and socio-cultural backgrounds. AIMS...

Involuntary movement is an uncommon manifestation of moyamoya disease. We describe a 12-year-old boy who suffered from involuntary movement after the first surgery but it improved dramatically after the second surgery. Initially, the patient underwent an encephalo-duro-arterio-myosynangiosis on the right side and encephalo-duro-periostealsynangiosis on the bifrontal side, which ameliorated his ...

We structurally estimate a model of occupational choice between wage work and entrepreneurship which allows for ‘involuntary entrepreneurship’ (running business out necessity). Involuntary entrepreneurs would earn higher income as workers but cannot access job because labor market frictions. Using Thai urban household data, we the share involuntary 19% all businesses in our sample, with robustn...

We propose that voluntary and involuntary attention affect different mechanisms and have different consequences for performance measured in reaction time. Voluntary attention enhances the perceptual representation whereas involuntary attention affects the tendency to respond to stimuli in one location or another. In a spatial-cueing paradigm, we manipulated perceptual difficulty and compared vo...

Voluntary’ and ‘Involuntary’ Early Retirement: An International Analysis Recent literature makes a distinction between 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement, where 'involuntary' early retirement results from employment constraints rather than from a preference for leisure relative to work. This paper analyzes 'voluntary' and 'involuntary' early retirement based on international microda...