INTRODUCTION The treatment of scleroderma-related digital ulcers is challenging. The oral endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) bosentan has been approved but it may induce liver toxicity. The objective of this study was to test whether ERAs bosentan and sitaxentan could be locally delivered using iontophoresis. METHODS Cathodal and anodal iontophoresis of bosentan and sitaxentan were performe...

A novel iontophoretic system utilizing ion-exchange membranes is effective for selective transdermal delivery of ionized drugs. In the present study, we examined in vivo availability and safety of ion-exchange iontophoresis in the transdermal delivery of anionic diclofenac, a well known anti-inflammatory medication, to rat dorsal skin. While iontophoresis increased the plasma concentration of d...

OBJECTIVE After iontophoresis of vasoactive drugs into the skin, a decrease in perfusion is commonly observed. We delivered vaso-active drugs by iontophoresis using different delivery protocols to study how these affect this decrease in perfusion as measured using LDF. METHODS We measured skin perfusion during iontophoresis of (ACh), MCh, and NA using a single pulse or separate pulses at diff...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous autonomic function can be quantified by the assessment of sudomotor and vasomotor responses. Although piloerector muscles are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, there are at present no methods to quantify pilomotor function. OBJECTIVE To quantify piloerection using phenylephrine hydrochloride in humans. DESIGN Pilot study. SETTING Hospital-based study. PA...

Submitted on: 06/20/2009 Approved on: 09/10/2009 We declare no confl ict of interest. aBStRaCt Introduction: Needle infiltration of local anesthetic is a painful procedure, thus, a topical anesthetic is a comfortable alternative. However, it is difficult to deliver transcutaneous polar drugs. Iontophoresis is a noninvasive technique that uses electrical current for releasing electrically charge...

Background Palmar hyperhidrosis is a common disorder of excessive sweating. A number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of iontophoresis in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. However, controlled clinical studies on iontophoresis for palmar hyperhidrosis have been limited. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of iontophoresis in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis w...

The treatment of systemic sclerosis-related digital ulcers is challenging. Although the only effective drugs are prostacyclin analogs, their use is limited by vasodilation-related adverse reactions. In this study, we assessed the local iontophoresis administration of three soluble guanylate cyclase (A-350619 [3-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)thiophenyl]-N-[4-(dimethylamino)butyl]-2-propenamide hydrochlori...

Iontophoresis is a promising technique for enhancing transdermal administration of charged drugs. However, conventional iontophoresis is not sufficient for effective delivery of large, hydrophilic, or electrically neutral molecules. In this study, we utilized charged liposomes as carriers, focused on a transfollicular route for delivery of the liposomes, and optimized iontophoretic conditions a...

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tap water iontophoresis in the treatment of severe idiopathic palmar hyperhidrosis, nine Chinese patients with severe palmar hyperhidrosis that had failed to respond to topical aluminium chloride were given 6 weeks' treatment with tap water iontophoresis at the Social Hygiene Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong. The reduction in sweat output was asses...

Purpose: The objective of the present manuscript is to propose a step-by-step algorithm for management calcifying tendonitis (CT) shoulder based on treatment goals, from conservative surgical approaches. Method: A clinical note main treatments pain, rigidity and size calcification experience previous publications authors has been performed. Arguments: Treatment although there controversy most a...