In theory, the vagueness of the World Trade Organization-administered TRIPS Agreement should provide developing countries with ample opportunities for creative interpretations of its provisions. Despite this, developing country freedom to exploit these opportunities is diminishing rapidly. Dispute settlement jurisprudence is one cause, but this is far less significant than that the United State...

THE EMERGENCE OF a globalized, horizontal semiconductor business model raises concerns involving the security and trust of the information systems on which modern society is increasingly reliant for mission-critical functionality. Hardware security and trust issues span a broad spectrum of topics ranging from the malicious insertion of Trojan circuits designed to act as a silicon time bomb to d...

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms achieve outstanding results in many application domains such as computer vision and natural language processing. The performance of AI models is the outcome complex costly model architecture design training processes. Hence, it paramount for owners to protect their from piracy – cloning, illegitimate distribution use. IP protection mechanisms have been ap...

Publishers of computer software and music claimed losses of over $17.6 billion to piracy in 2002. Theoretically, however, piracy may raise legitimate demand through positive demand-side externalities, sampling, and sharing. Accordingly, the actual impact of piracy on the legitimate demand is an empirical issue. Addressing this issue in the context of recorded music, we develop and test hypothes...

This paper analytically explores the effect of software bundling on software piracy. We focus on piracy at individual user level where several individuals illegitimately share a single copy of software. We develop an economic model of software piracy with bundling of two products that are not identically distributed. We derive results for optimal level of piracy and profits for individual produ...

oftware piracy is a worldwide phenomenon. In 2001, the Business Software Alliance (BSA) [1] found there are no nations with less than a 20% piracy rate, and two that exceeded 90% (see Figure 1). It is estimated that in 2001 software manufacturers lost $10.97 billion globally as a result of software piracy [1]. Furthermore, in most regions of the world, piracy increased by 37% in 2000 and by 40%...

Ten years after the fall of Napster, digital piracy remains an issue for e-commerce firms. While scholars treat digital piracy as a behaviour that needs to be prevented or punished, the user’s decision about how to acquire a digital product involves more than the piracy option, yet the decision between piracy and legal alternatives has received limited attention. Moreover, existing models of pi...

The economic analysis of the piracy of copyright products has used a variety of modeling assumptions, the majority of which are set in typical industrial organization settings. The results of such models are manyfold, but in general they are ambiguous as to the optimal protection strategy, and the effects of protection on the welfare of copyright holders, and on the existence of piracy. Concret...

Digital piracy has become a major issue for the global information goods economy. The threat and the damage caused by piracy are widespread and span the entire range of information goods from music and movies to software. Each year, the industry’s losses to piracy amount to billions of dollars. According to the BSA/IDC 2009 Global Software Piracy Report (BSA/IDC 2009), software piracy caused a ...

Why has physical piracy of music grown globally in recent years despite international efforts to reduce the problem? This research employs cross-country time series data analysis to examine physical music piracy rates across developed and developing economies. We provide 1999-2004 cross-country evidence from 70 countries that mean global music piracy rates grew over this period, and observe dif...