BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary mucinous adenocarcinoma (IPMCs) occur more frequently in main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. METHODS Review of the literature. RESULTS The prognosis of IPMCs depends on its histopathological subtype: colloid IPMCs have superior survival rates mainly secondary to more favorable pathological features, whereas tubular IPMCs have survival outcome...

Ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) is a kind of electroactive intelligent material. The dendritically interfacial electrodes (DIEs) very important to the performance IPMC. Herein, copper–platinum electrode (Pt-Cu-IPMC) with high specific area DIEs was prepared by combining impregnation-reduction plating platinum (IRP-Pt), autocatalytic (ACP-Pt) and chemical reduction copper (CRP-Cu). effects ...

By the past two decades IPMCs have been intensively studied because of their special capabilities for actuation and sensing.This paper presents a theoretical physics based model for analyzing the behavior of IPMC sensors in fluid environments. The mechanical vibration of the IPMC strip is described by the classical Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The model also takes in to account the physical pro...

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have inherent underwater sensing and actuation properties. They can be used as sensors to collect flow information. Inspired by the hair-cell mediated receptor in the lateral line system of fish, the impact of a flexible, cupula-like structure on the performance of IPMC flow sensors is experimentally explored. The fabrication method to create a silicone-ca...

In this paper, a physics-based model is proposed for a biomimetic robotic fish propelled by an ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuator. Inspired by the biological fin structure, a passive plastic fin is further attached to the IPMC beam. The model incorporates both IPMC actuation dynamics and the hydrodynamics, and predicts the steady-state cruising speed of the robot under a given period...

The presented research introduces a new Ionic Polymer-Metal-ZnO Composite (IPMZC) demonstrating photoluminescence (PL)-quenching on mechanical bending or application of an electric field. The newly fabricated IPMZC integrates the optical properties of ZnO and the electroactive nature of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) to enable a non-contact read-out of IPMC response. The electro-mechano-...

In this paper, we described a new type of multi-DOF manipulator using a structure with three artificial muscle (IPMC) segments. We develop the kinematic modeling of multilink motions for the control of the manipulator using a transposed Jacobian or an inverse Jacobian using as sensors elements of motions was realized by IPMC film too, because was used the special actuator-sensor segment (IPMC f...

Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma (IPMC) can rupture and lead to fistula formation in multiple organs [1,2]. An over-the-scope clip (OTSC) has been used to close gastrointestinal perforations and fistulas [3]. We describe a patient in whom the OTSC was useful for the closure of an IPMC-colonic fistula accompanied by infection. The patient was a 57-year-old woman who was transf...

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) generate large bending motions under a low driving voltage (about 1 V). In this paper quasi-static actuation of IPMC is investigated with the goal of precise positioning. It is found that IPMC exhibits hysteresis between its bending curvature and the applied quasi-static voltage. The Preisach operator is proposed to model the hysteresis, and its density fu...

This paper presents an integrated sensor/actuator device with multi-input and multi-output designed on the basis of a standard control representation called a distributed port-Hamiltonian system. The device is made from soft material called an ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC). The IPMC consists of a base film of a polyelectrolyte gel and a double layer of plated metal electrodes. The electr...