Chronic or recurrent inflammation has been suggested as a causal factor in several human malignancies, including prostate cancer. Genetic predisposition is also a strong risk factor in the development of prostate cancer. In particular, Toll-like receptors (TLR), especially the TLR6-1-10 gene cluster, are involved in prostate cancer development. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinases (IRAK) 1...

Exciting discoveries related to IL-1R/TLR signaling in the development of atherosclerosis plaque have triggered intense interest in the molecular mechanisms by which innate immune signaling modulates the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have clearly shown the definitive role of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 in the development of atherosclerosis. Recent studies have pro...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typified by the deposition of amyloid in the brain, which elicits a robust microglial-mediated inflammatory response that is associated with disease exacerbation and accelerated progression. Microglia are the principal immune effector cells in the brain and interact with fibrillar forms of Aβ (fAβ) through a receptor complex that includes Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2/...

Mice lacking the IL-1R-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) are completely resistant to LPS-induced endotoxic disorder or the TLR9 agonist CpG DNA plus d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury (ALI), whereas wild-type strains succumb. However, translational drugs against sepsis or ALI remain elusive. Lonicerae flos extract is undergoing the clinical trial phase I in LPS-injected healthy human voluntee...

Caffeic acid (CA) is a phenolic compound that is frequently present in fruits, grains, and dietary supplements. Although CA has been reported to display various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and anti-oxidative effects, the action mechanism of CA is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, the anti-inflammatory action mechanism of CA was examined in li...

  Background: Toll- like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition of DAMPs and PAMPs and induction ofinflammation. Previous studies demonstrated that depression and anxiety can influence the expression levels of immune related molecules. Our previous study revealed that mRNA levels of IRAK4, TRAF3 and IRF7 were significantly decreased in chronic HBV infected (CHB) patients whe...

Pneumococcal meningitis is the most common and severe form of bacterial meningitis. Early recognition of the pathogen and subsequent innate immune response play a vital role in disease susceptibility and outcome. Genetic variations in innate immune genes can alter the immune response and influence susceptibility and outcome of meningitis disease. Here we conducted a sequencing study of coding r...

background: toll- like receptors (tlrs) play an important role in the recognition of damps and pamps and induction ofinflammation. previous studies demonstrated that depression and anxiety can influence the expression levels of immune related molecules. our previous study revealed that mrna levels of irak4, traf3 and irf7 were significantly decreased in chronic hbv infected (chb) patients when ...

INTRODUCTION TLR´s play a role in host defense in HIV infection recognizing the viral DNA or RNA. Their activation induces a signaling pathway that includes the proteins MyD88, IRAK4, TRAF6 and the transcription factor NF-kBp65. OBJECTIVE To determine the expression of TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9, and activation of its signaling pathway in monocytes from patients infected with HIV. Methods. Expressio...