the present study concerns editing of translations in iran during the iran-iraq war,which in the official discourse of the country is known as the sacred defense. itargues that editing, in its local sense, advocated a linguistic purism inspired by aredefined nationalism, which went hand in hand with identity politics andsnowballed into a movement of resistance.

the eight year war between iran and iraq is a sensitive and critical period in iran's foreign policy; particularly towards the european community. accordingly and in spite of the fact that the foundations of the new regime in iran have not been consolidated a full scale war ,was imposed on iran, overshadowing all policies and plans including iran's foreign policy. this paper tries to ...

this essay is about the iraqi nation involved in iran-iraq war and two iraq-america wars. the writer of this paper has done a wide field research among iraqi war prisoners in iran and among iraqi military refugees in other countries. he has used the statistical findings of this research to support his explanations. he has written about iraqi people motivations to take part in these wars. furthe...

the relation of diplomacy and military strategy or the relation of politicians and military officials and their effect on different decisions relating to the war has been one of the debateful issues regarding the iran-iraq war. the writer has discussed some issues related to 598 resolution and iran's diplomacy weaknesses during the war.

background and purpose: upon centuries, wars have taken over countries due to theadvancement of sophisticated warfare,causingserious injuries among soldiers. nurses are directly involved in preoperative and postsurgical patient care. one of the most remarkable contributions of the iranian operating room nurses was to provide medical care for wounded soldiers in field hospitals during the iran-i...

OBJECTIVE To study the infant mortality rate (IMR) trend during wars and sanction periods in Western Iraq. METHODS Data collected from the birth and death certificates of Haditha Health Vital Statistics Center, Haditha city (80,000 population), Western Iraq, included name, age, gender, residence, and infant's place and date of births and deaths, in 5 different sanction and war stages of the c...

The present corpus-based study addressed the strategies applied in translating the cultural elements (CEs) of the Iranian ‘resistance’ literature into English. The corpus comprised Chess with the Doomsday Machine, Eternal Fragrance, and Fortune Told in Blood translated by Sprachman, Omidvar, and Ghanoonparvar, re- spectively. The Persian books and their English translations were analyzed on thr...

War is one of the critical determinants of health status of populations in many parts of the world. Armed con-fl ict has been a major cause of deaths and morbidity throughout the history. 3 In the 25 confl icts during the 20 th century, 72 million deaths were confl ict-related and civilians were included in nearly half of the deaths during the armed confl icts from 1987 to1997. Two million chil...