AIM To evaluate the surgical treatment of a chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH). We compared two surgical treatments of CSDH: burr-hole craniostomy irrigation with and without drainage. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively studied patients with chronic subdural haematomas admitted to our hospital. A total of 87 patients underwent surgery: 57 were treated via burr-hole irrigation with postope...

OBJECTIVE One or two burr-hole craniostomies with subgaleal or subdural drainage system and irrigation are the most common methods for surgical treatment of CSDH. The aim of this study is to compare the advantages or disadvantages of these techniques used for CSDH. METHODS Seventy patients were treated by burr-hole subdural drainage or subgaleal drainage system with irrigation. Our patients w...

sewerage projects. He was well versed in hydraulics. He could build a dam or reservoir, and lay pipes and sewers. He knew a little bit of plumbing, but was not so sure of his ground in the installation of pumps and engines. He felt equally competent to construct irrigation works, water-works, or land drainage works, because the applications of hydraulics were involved in all these. As regards w...

Sand coverings account for a large part of the cost of a project. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of different coatings for filtration of underground drains and reduce the cost of cornfield farms. The experiments were carried out in farm in Salman Farsi. The subsoil drainage was fitted to each test piece with a length of 120 meters, a diameter of 100 mm, and a distance ...

Irrigation water is limiting for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. Furthermore, excess nitrogen (N) application is a source of groundwater contamination. Partial root drying irrigation (PRD) can be used as water saving technique and a controlling measure of groundwater N contamination. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the effect of ordinary furrow irrigation (OFI...

controlled drainage is one of the strategies to reduce negative environmental effects in conventional drainage systems. this study examines the effect of controlled drainage on quality and quantity of drainage water, specifically amounts of salt and nitrate in drainage water, and nitrate uptake by maize (sc 704) with sandy loam soil texture in karaj. the experiment was performed as a randomized...

As in many other countries, the poor economic rate of return of many past irrigation projects in India contributed to the decline in irrigation investment and lending by international agencies, especially since the 1990s (Gulati and Narayanan 2003, Pitman 2002, Jones 1995). Furthermore, these low rates of economic return may have diminished the poverty reduction impacts of such irrigation proje...

In studies of irrigation and drainage projects for drainage, it is necessary to extend the data from the sampling point to the network. Therefore, based on available data from observational wells, estimating the state of hydraulic conductivity (K) in the surrounding area. The estimation process values for locations where there is no information for them based on viewing areas called wells spati...