criticizing the drawbacks of modern societies, lyotard glorifies the changing of meta-narration to show lack of such narrations totally. for him such a condition or changing of sub-narrations to periphery ones gives him an opportunity to self-expression and survival chance, which by intention to solidarity, stability, etc. they have been deprived of their identity, but keeping eternality of suc...

asking about the place of religion in a democratic society refers straightforwardly to the kind of pluralism we adopt. given that intra-societal tensions mark out a democratic pluralistic society, then it seems that there is no doubt that there should be a place for religion and religious people in it. what is crucial for a democratic society is taking a suitable view on pluralism. there could ...

in democratic governments, major basis of political power is people intention, and government is manifestation of national intention, and it's legitimacy is caused of public intention and will. in democratic governments, is applied political power through active political participation, that base on various political institutions of society is setting by public opinion and under people sup...

This paper reexamines the democratic peace in a longitudinal fashion. We extend the democratic peace proposition beyond isolated militarized disputes or wars to longer-term interstate rivalries. Rivalries of all types are rare among democratic dyads; there is only one case of enduring rivalry between consistently democratic states, and most conflictual relationships between democracies remain c...

  Every society has oriented itself towards a governing method concerning the socio-cultural conditions and with the inclusion of different historical-ideological periods and has accepted it as its governmental plan. Iranian society is not an exception to this general rule. Throughout different historical stages, such as the government of Safavid, the Constitution Movement, and despotic g...

This article intends to clarify views regarding important challenges that have originated from the political, social, cultural and geopolitical structures in the elections systems of Persian Gulf Arab countries. Challenges that determine the compatibility levels of elections systems of these countries with the world’s democratic systems. An efficient elections system is the prerequisite for the...

Terrorism, political system instability and currency rate fluctuations are the three most evident issues of 21st century. In this study, comparative analysis is performed to check the impact of all these issues on PSX Volatility. EGARCH (1,1) approach is used on four different kinds of data collected from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2015. Terrorist events, FX return fluctuations with rest...

The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first task is to develop a conceptual framework for thinking about local democratic governance. Once that framework is developed, specific indicators will be proposed to monitor the quality of key features or characteristics of a process of local democratic governance. The indicators will be “actionable” and can be used to guide CDD operations and track...