the ancient iranian prophet, manese, rose in the early days of the establishment of the sassanid empire. by mixing the customs and rituals of various religions such as christianity, judaism, buddhism and hinduism, it easily managed to approach the different nations in every region around iran and gather a large number of following. through intense opposition by the zoroastrian magi, however, ma...

This study was summarized by explaining the Qur'anic approach and Prophet's in showing a document or constitution that nation will follow. According to divine system law adopts equality rights duties, establishes security peace all Islamic non-Islamic countries take upon themselves status of individuals ensure they live dignity for their safety. They are stable and, countries, enjoying dignity....

This paper investigates the ways in which terrorism is linked to education and poverty using data newly culled from Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) documentary sources. The paper presents a statistical analysis of the determinants of participation in terrorist activities by members of the Hamas and PIJ between the late 1980s and May 2002. The resulting evidence suggests that both high...

We model radicalization in a society consisting of two competing religious, ethnic or political groups. Each of the 'sects' is divided into moderate and radical factions, with intra-group transitions occurring either spontaneously or through indoctrination. We also include the possibility of one group violently attacking the other. The intra-group transition rates of one group are modelled to e...

one of the important issues in daily affairs of human life is easement,when onesees other people'sneeds and helps them to solve their problems. there is no general evidence to justify easement that five-sect jurisprudents cite. there arenot specific verses about easement rights in the qur'an; but,we can mentioncommon rights between neighbors and granting benefits to him as implied int...

Al Jam’iyatul Washliyah was founded in 1930 Medan North Sumatera, a plural region religion-wise. Many consider maintaining moderate understanding of Islam. Its Fatwa Council produced considerable number fatwas recent years, including that test Washliyah’s position on difficult issues, issues terrorism, non-Muslims, Islamic sects, women leadership, and LGBTs. By reviewing the organizational docu...

shiism, like other islamic sects, believed in the existence of sharia as a comprehensive guide from allah. in the islamic primary sources, as in quran and traditions which are the primary basis for the political fiqh, sharia entered the political life arena of the moslems. from the early second century so far, shiite political fiqh started developing. this trend towards political fiqh was stren...

this paper discusses the number of scholars and their scientific interests in the reign of bu-veyhid. buveyhid the most important iranian-shi ‘it dynasties appeared in the early era of islam. they were so powerful that the abbasid caliphs had to obey them. according to their shi ‘it religion, they practiced the idea of democracy and all sects were free in their reign. according to the survey mo...