this research surveys the relationship between elements of identity and foreign policy indicators in the islamic republic of iran (i.r.i.). for this purpose, at first it explains constructivism theory because of the essence of i.r.i constitution and islamic-iranian norms and values in foreign policy. according to this approach, these values and norms shape the i.r.i. identity, and identity dete...

France was the first to put forward idea of establishing a Jewish state in Palestine, so FrenchIsraeli relations had great impact on Middle East, especially Egypt and Turkey, since establishment Israel 1948 until 1962 . strong relations. supported Balfour Declaration or 1917 AD, it also decision partition Palestine at United Nations 1947 economic between them grew strongly, several trade agreem...

The need for a national policy to mitigate health inequity has been recognized in scientific research and policy papers around the world. Despite the moral duty and the social, medical, and economic logic behind this goal, much difficulty surfaces in implementing national policies that propose to attain it. This is mainly due to an implementation gap that originates in the complex interventions...

The state educational system in Israel reflects the declared character of the state as a ‘Jewish state’, and, consequently, the deep inter-group divisions in society, including a large Palestinian Arab minority. This study demonstrates how Israeli educational policy and curriculum are designed to support the Jewish nation-building project. As such, they silence the Palestinian Arab narrative wh...

Cyber Warfare holds a grave hazard of striking national infrastructure while circumventing traditional defense systems. This article examines the evolution of Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) policy in Israel and analyses its performance. Israel has developed a unique legal and regulatory model for critical infrastructure protection, which was implemented in late 2002. Recently, a compr...

Political culture represents a society`s widely held, traditional values and its fundamental practices; foreign policy decision makers tend to make policies that are compatible with their society`s political culture because they share, if not all, many of those values. Among the various factors influencing Iran`s foreign policy,  the role of political culture seems to be rather underestimated. ...

ince the eruption of the second intifada in September 2000, Israel has openly pursued a policy of targeted killing. The Israelis have identified, located, and then killed alleged Palestinian terrorists with helicopter gunships, fighter aircraft, tanks, car bombs, booby traps, and bullets. Approximately eighty Palestinian militants and about fifty innocent bystanders have been killed through fal...

a country’s foreign policy is greatly influenced by various internal, regional, trans-regional, and international factors.  in recent years china has adopted a peaceful foreign policy.  this paper aims to analyze the continuity of china’s peaceful foreign policy in the 21st century, and identify the most influential factors of the policy.  this paper will argue that china’s peaceful foreign pol...