IMPORTANCE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are common carcinogenic and neurotoxic urban air pollutants. Toxic exposures, including air pollution, are disproportionately high in communities of color and frequently co-occur with chronic economic deprivation. OBJECTIVES We examined whether the association between child IQ and prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons differed betwee...

We used the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study to examine an integrated mediational model linking economic hardship to relationship distress. Depressive symptoms, partner's discord, parenting stress, and coparenting are combined into a joint model linking economic hardship to relationship distress among mothers and fathers in intimate relationships. Although economic hardship is signif...

This study focuses on the relationships between post-divorce parental conflict, economic hardship and adolescents’ academic achievement among 800 adolescents (424 girls and 376 boys) aged 15 to 18 years from divorced families. The instruments used for data collection were the Post-divorce Parental Conflict and Economic Hardship scales. In conclusion, the results obtained from the current study ...

Economic downturns lead to lost income and increased poverty. Although high unemployment almost certainly also increases material hardship, and government transfers likely decrease hardship, the first relationship has not yet been documented and the second is poorly understood. We use data from five waves of the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study to study the relationships between unem...

This study examines the effects of gender and previous experience with financial hardship on people 's attitudes toward money in Singapore. The respondents consisted of 152 undergraduate students who attended management classes at a local university. Factor analysis of items measuring attitudes toward money revealed eight distinct dimensions. Logistic regression analysis was performed to distin...

Research indeed offers some evidence that different measures may not be identical. For example, material hardship does not appear to be strongly correlated with poverty in the United States or in Europe. The evidence is, however, somewhat contradictory. One study found that low-wage working mothers experienced higher levels of hardship than welfare recipients, but others have found that those w...

Objective: Mental health disorders are of great social, economic, and policy concern. A higher incidence of major depressive disorder has been reported among those living in or near poverty. Our study examines the extent to which the relationship between income and depression is mediated by measures of material hardship. Methods: We use measures of depression at two points in time from the long...

This study employs four waves of survey data on 1,135 families from the Illinois Families Study, a longitudinal panel study of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families in Illinois. This study explores the following issues within this low-income population: (1) whether material hardships are associated with child protective services (CPS) investigations, (2) whether the effect of material hardshi...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem which affects poorest individuals the worst. A high proportion of patients incur 'catastrophic costs' which have been shown to result in severe financial hardship and adverse health outcomes. Data on catastrophic cost incidence is not routinely collected, and current definitions of this indicator involve several practical and ...