‘‘This is really still a nightmare — a German nightmare,’’ asserted Mechtilde Maier, Deutsche Telekom’s head of diversity. A multinational company with offices in about 50 countries, Deutsche Telekom is struggling at German headquarters to bring women into its leadership ranks. It is a startling result; at headquarters, one might expect the greatest degree of compliance to commands on high. Wit...

In arterial networks, traffic flow dynamics are driven by the presence of traffic signals, for which precise signal timing is difficult to obtain in arbitrary networks or might change over time. A comprehensive model of arterial traffic flow dynamics is necessary to capture its specific features in order to provide accurate traffic estimation approaches. From hydrodynamic theory, we model arter...

Recent literature has detailed the growing importance and prevalence of social norms and fairness in American society. In this paper, we propose The Letter Versus The Spirit of The Law Model as a medium for understanding the relationship between the law, social norms, and fairness in society. With the five tenets of this model, we highlight various scenarios in which the letter of the law or sp...

In the 1990s, federal legislation was passed requiring transportation planning to incorporate the interests of all stakeholder groups. One urban transportation mode that is often ignored is pedestrian movement. A group particularly susceptible to difficulties in this mode is the elderly. This study surveys the attitudes of senior citizens in regard to pedestrian safety and motorist interactions...

The racially disparate impact and individual collective costs of stop frisk, misdemeanor arrests, pretextual traffic stops have been well documented. Less widely noticed is the contrast between Supreme Court case law permitting these practices Court’s recent tendency to strictly regulate technologically enhanced searches that occur outside street policing setting that—coincidentally or not—happ...

In this study we examine decision-making among law enforcement officers, paying particular attention to instances of police officer harassment of suspects. With two large databases – one from the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) and the other from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) – we examine how the shift to daylight saving time impacts law enforcement officer decisions. Notably, ...

The contemporary operations environment involves constant contact between military units and local populations. It is therefore necessary that the human terrain be properly represented in the synthetic environments used for military training and experimentation. This paper presents the results of two knowledge elicitation activities. The first was conducted with Canadian Army training experts t...

This paper investigates how bicycling can be promoted as a safe and feasible means of transport for everyone and for all trip purposes. The policies and programs needed to encourage a broad spectrum of social groups to cycle are the same policies and programs that encourage high overall levels of cycling: extensive systems of separate cycling facilities, intersection modifications and priority ...