The American judiciary, like other branches of government, has increasingly come under attack as both ideologically driven and polarized. At the same time, scholars have limited understanding of the extent to which politicization has shaped the courts or how its influence varies among tiers of the judiciary and across states. We present a simple theory of judicial politicization that models the...

The new architecture of the Italian Republic, set up in 1948, foresaw the creation of a High Judicial Council, entrusted with full competences in recruiting, promoting, assessing, and training judges and prosecutors. The new body began what has been called a long process of institutionalisation, which ended around the end of the 1970s. Such a process expanded its capacities to steer and govern ...

Introduction. Analysis of the conceptual foundations security judiciary shows that content and constituent elements concept have not been studied by domestic scholars. To define definition "security judiciary" it is necessary to explore theoretical preconditions affect its structure. This will allow us continue research work in direction formulating a well-founded concept, which improve methodo...

This Article considers the effects of nurturing law student interest in public service intersects with the goals of developing lawyering expertise. It then examines the insight provided to the judiciary by clinical educational programs with regards to making the courts more accesible to the public. The author hopes to encourage a greater, more meaningful dialogue between the judiciary and law s...

This article discusses and analyzes the Judicial Activism and its application in protecting environment, and steps taken by judiciary to accelerate this objective. The main objective behind this research is to identify the contemporary picture and study the nature and extent of till date developments in various environmental statuses through judicial procedure. It also analyzes the role of judi...

The automation of judicial services got it’s start in 1998 in Turkey. In order to increase performance and productivity of these services many regulations have been made in parallel with the innovations and improvements realised in the sector of information technologies. There are many internal users using the judiciary informatics such as chief judges, judges, attorneys general, solicitors, pr...

before constitution revolution, advocacy in our country governed by islamic law and lawyers introduced as a free profession in means of that law. after that revolution the government promulgated some rules for its regulation as an official profession. by act of bar association independence, this profession declared independent. many lawyers after islamic revolution have been filtrated and by th...

Judicial independence is an idea that has both internal (or normative) and external (or institutional) aspects. From a normative viewpoint, judges should be autonomous moral agents, who can be relied on to carry out their public duties independent of venal or ideological considerations. Independence, or impartiality, in this sense is a desirable aspect of a judge’s character. But judges are hum...