this paper evaluates the real exchange rate fluctuations and uncertainties resulting from it, in the iranian economy. for this purpose, at first indirect effect of real exchange rate uncertainties on economic growth through foreign investment, private investment and exports are expressed, then the real exchange rate uncertainties and its relationship with economic growth and final pattern of in...

One of the most important policies concerning the adjustment of foreign trade is to allocate foreign currency by establishing an exchange control system. The mechanism of this would be so that the Central Bank operates or supervises all transactions concerning foreign exchange. However, the controlling system, like all other international systems of payment, operates with some adjustments and i...

The main objective of this study is to examine the existence and nature relationship between exchange rate foreign reserves. To avoid influencing market expectations, intervention program should indicate in advance nature, frequency, size central bank's transactions. Thus, sense, it essential determine interventions made from for official reserve. Following realization study, was highlighted co...

In a managed floating exchange rate regime, one of the most important issues is the degree to which the monetary authorities intervene in the foreign exchange market.  The appropriate level of intervention in the foreign exchange market can be discussed in a framework which emphasizes the trade-off between changes in the country’s level of international reserves and minimizes the country’s real...

one of the most important policies concerning the adjustment of foreign trade is to allocate foreign currency by establishing an exchange control system. the mechanism of this would be so that the central bank operates or supervises all transactions concerning foreign exchange. however, the controlling system, like all other international systems of payment, operates with some adjustments and i...

 Given companies’ dynamic responses to expected exchange rate changes, this article improves on current methods of measuring exposure to foreign exchange rate changes by breaking down the spot exchange rate changes into expected changes and unexpected changes. The currency risk exposure coefficients resulting from an empirical analysis of Shanghai Stock Exchange A share listed companies on wh...