Objective: A Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping (MSFL) algorithm based Multi-stage Fuzzy (MSF) PID controller is proposed in this paper to solve the Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem in a deregulated environment. The power system LFC problems are caused by small load perturbations which continuously disturb the normal operation of power system. The objectives of LFC are to minimize the transient...

In this paper an extensive literature review on load–frequency control (LFC) problem in power system has been highlighted. The various configuration of power system models and control techniques/ strategies that concerns to LFC issues have been addressed in conventional as well as distribution generation-based power systems. Further, investigations on LFC challenges incorporating storage device...

The EVs battery has the ability to enhance the balance between the load demand and power generation units. The EV aggregators to manage the random behaviour of EV owners and increasing EVs participation in the ancillary services market are employed. The presence of aggregators could lead to time-varying delay in load frequency control (LFC) schemes. The effects of these delays must be considere...

The load–frequency control (LFC) problem has been one of the major subjects in a power system. In practice, LFC systems use proportional–integral (PI) controllers. However since these controllers are designed using a linear model, the non-linearities of the system are not accounted for and they are incapable of gaining good dynamical performance for a wide range of operating conditions in a mul...

In this paper a Fuzzy Logic based load frequency control system (LFC) with Superconductor Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) in a multi area electric power system was explained. If a large power imbalance is suddenly happened in a multi area power electric system, generation units and also consumer sides will be affected by the distortion in the energy balance between both two sides. This im...

In the LFC problem, the interconnections among some areas are the input of disturbances, and therefore, it is important to suppress the disturbances by the coordination of governor systems. In contrast, tie-line power flow control by TCPS located between two areas makes it possible to stabilize the system frequency oscillations positively through interconnection, which is also expected to provi...

Modern day power systems are divided into various areas. The transmission lines that connect an area to its neighboring area are called tie-lines sharing power between two areas. Automatic Generation Control (AGC) as the name signifies it regulates the power flow between different areas while holding the frequency constant. Frequency control as a major function of automatic generation control i...

In this paper the problems of market monitoring and control of ancillary services of a future energy systems are presented. We envision that future system operation of electric power systems will evolve into completely unbundled ancillary service markets that are governed by spot price signals. The grid operators need to acquire ancillary services through competitive markets for control of the ...

In power systems, although the inertia energy in power sources can partly cover power unbalances caused by load disturbance or renewable energy fluctuation, it is still hard to maintain the frequency deviation within acceptable ranges. However, with the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technique, electric vehicles (EVs) can act as mobile energy storage units, which could be a solution for load frequency c...

This project presents decentralized control scheme for Load-Frequency Control in Multi-area power System. In this era renewable energy is most promising solution to man’s ever increasing energy needs. But the power production by these resources cannot be controlled unlike in thermal plants. A number of optimal control techniques are adopted to implement a reliable stabilising controller. It is ...