It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...

Approximate pattern matching is comparing an unknown pattern with a database of stored patterns with a specified error tolerance. This ability to compensate for real world sensor errors makes approximate pattern matching an ideal choice for a wide range of applications including fingerprint, picture and bar-code identification, industrial automation, robotics and bioinformatics. This paper show...

Sustainability, being the urgent issue of our time, is closely related with the innovations in technology. Nanotechnology (NT), although not a new science, can be regarded relatively a new science for buildings with brand new materials and applications. This paper tends to give a research review of current and near future applications of nanotechnology (NT) for achieving high-performance and he...

Novel digital technologies always lead to high density and very low power consumption. One of these concepts is Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), which is one of the new emerging nanotechnology-based on Coulomb repulsion. This article presents three architectures of logical “XOR” gate, a novel structure of two inputs “XOR” gate, which is used as a module to implement four inputs “XOR” gate a...

Reversible logic gates are very much in demand for the future computing technologies as they are known to produce Zero power dissipation.. Reversible logic circuits are of interests to power minimization having applications in low power CMOS design, optical information processing, DNA computing, bioinformatics, quantum computing and nanotechnology. In recent years, reversible logic has emerged ...