Kidney stone disease is a crystal concretion formed usually within the kidneys. It is an increasing urological disorder of human health, affecting about 12% of the world population. It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. The etiology of kidney stone is multifactorial. The most common type of kidney stone is calcium oxalate formed at Randall's plaque on the ren...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether hypertension predicts the incidence of kidney stone disease. DESIGN Prospective cohort study (the Olivetti Prospective Heart Study). SETTING The Olivetti factory in Southern Italy. SUBJECTS Five hundred and three male workers, aged 21 - 68 years, with no evidence of kidney stone disease at baseline. Follow-up 8 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anthropometry, blo...

BACKGROUND The role of vitamin D in kidney stone disease is controversial. Current evidence is inconsistent and existing studies are limited by small sample populations. METHODS We used the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a large US population-based cross-sectional study, to determine the independent association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ...

Nephrolithiasis is a highly prevalent disorder affecting approximately one in eleven people and is associated with multiple complications including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Significant epidemiologic associations with chronic kidney disease and ESRD have been noted and are reviewed herein, but debate persists in the literature as to whether kidney stone f...

Those identical, ethical mandates were told to me on two occasions: first, when as a preteen I objected to my father, a dentist, fluoridating the teeth of his young patients, suggesting that he was sacrificing his income (and my future college tuition) by the prevention of caries; second, when as a proto-lithologist, Michael Grasso and I discussed the founding of a kidney stone clinic and I ask...

Kidney stones are one of the most common chronic disorders in industrialized countries. In patients with kidney stones, the goal of medical therapy is to prevent the formation of new kidney stones and to reduce growth of existing stones. The evaluation of the patient with kidney stones should identify dietary, environmental, and genetic factors that contribute to stone risk. Radiologic studies ...

Kidney stones develop more frequently in individuals with a family history of kidney stones than in those without a family history; however, little information is available regarding whether the increased risk is attributable to genetic factors, environmental exposures, or some combination. In this report, the relation between family history and risk of kidney stone formation was studied in a c...