How important is software construction? Software construction has been the awkward stepchild of software engineering for decades. This puzzles me because software construction is the only activity that’s guaranteed to be done on every project. Code is the center of the software universe. Process advocates tend to downplay coding, focusing more on the documentation that occurs before and after c...

How Science Works’ is now the focus of the national science specifications in English schools. This article is a brief introduction to the philosophy of science from the Greeks to the present day that underpins this notion. From September 2006, the emphasis for teaching science at GCSE is on ‘How Science Works’. This focus will also shape the revisions of the AS and A2 specifications from Septe...

This paper explores the statistical features inherent in clinical trials that make it so difficult to come up with the right answers. No matter how skilled and diligent the research team, their trial may still produce the wrong conclusions. Consumers, healthcare professionals as well as the general public should be aware of the liabilities that threaten clinical investigations. In spite of the ...

Mendel’s laws, phenotype and genotype, recessive and dominant. Do these terms sound familiar to you from your biology lessons? This article regarding formal genetics will introduce you to all important genetic fundamentals regarding biology that you need to know as a physician. By studying and revising the contents of this article, you will be in a better position to do well both in your precli...

Department of Defense contractors must be established for ASTIA services or have their need-to-know certified by the cognizant military agency of their project or contract.