Mass gatherings at religious events can pose major public health challenges, particularly the transmission of infectious diseases. Every year the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) hosts the Hajj pilgrimage, the largest gathering held on an annual basis where over 2 million people come to KSA from over 180 countries. Living together in crowded conditions exposes the pilgrims and the local population...

A theoretical analysis of the RC4 Key Scheduling Algorithm (KSA) is presented in this paper, where the nonlinear operation is swapping among the permutation bytes. Explicit formulae are provided for the probabilities with which the permutation bytes at any stage of the KSA are biased to the secret key. Theoretical proofs of these formulae have been left open since Roos’s work (1995). Based on t...

BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the causes behind increase trends in smoking and extent of tobacco use in Saudi Arabia. We also explored the issues related to and its impact tobacco control research and policy in the Kingdom. METHODS Data were collected from various published articles, public data based such as WHO, Geneva and CDC Atlanta. Data were also obtained from surveys conduc...

The k-shy mutants of Paramecium tetraurelia are altered in several Ca2+-dependent functions which regulate ciliary motility. The isolation, genetics, and phenotypes of these mutants are described. Of six independent isolates, all contained recessive single-factor mutations and comprise two unlinked loci, ksA and ksB. All k-shy strains showed prolonged backward swimming responses to depolarizing...

BACKGROUND In 1983, an article and accompanying editorial was published on the state of psychiatry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which was described as "a mental health system in statu nascendi." METHODS We provide a 30-year update on advances in mental health care in KSA. Data are reported from a wide range of sources, including the 2007 Saudi Arabian Mental and Social Health Atlas, ...

OBJECTIVE To study the present situation with regards to the research output in Nephrology from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in terms of numbers, type, institution and fields covered. METHODS An extensive Medline search of Nephrologists working in KSA, as well research output from KSA was undertaken; in addition, all Nephrologists were contacted. All papers appearing in the Saudi Medical...

OBJECTIVES Changes in legal standing and new guidelines for consent have generated changes in medical culture that doctors must adhere to. This study aims to highlight the differences in the way the surgeons in the two cultures view the informed consent for surgery processes. METHODS The attitudes towards informed consent of a group of surgeons working in Saudi Arabia (KSA) were compared with...

Said F. El-Zoghdy Computer Science Dep. College of Computers & Information Technology, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Email: [email protected] Yasser A. Nada Computer Science Dep. College of Computers & Information Technology, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Email: [email protected] A. A. Abdo Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Men...

In reference to an article by Al-Jadid1 that provides a commendable insight on rehabilitation medicine in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), I would like to further explore the training aspects of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) in the kingdom. The contribution of Non-Saudi board training programs in the specialty of PM&R in KSA deserves more attention. In October 2011, Saudi residency ...

OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major public health problem worldwide. To our knowledge, there is no national data available from community based studies on prevalence of CAD in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Therefore, we designed this study with the objective to determine the prevalence of CAD among Saudis of both sexes, between the ages of 30-70-years in rural as well as urb...