The present study investigated the proactive nature of the human brain in language perception. Specifically, we examined whether early proficient bilinguals can use interlocutor identity as a cue for language prediction, using an event-related potentials (ERP) paradigm. Participants were first familiarized, through video segments, with six novel interlocutors who were either monolingual or bili...

Bilingualism is a multi-faceted experience and bilinguals differ in how they use their languages daily life. Therefore, assessments of bilingualism that consider the role (social) context are needed when describing bilinguals. In this study, we evaluated (reliably) Language Social Background Questionnaire (LSBQ; Anderson et al. 2018) describes language experiences living UK. Across 163 particip...

This study aims to investigate how the students are willing communicate in an ESP class. in-depth employed students’ TOEIC scores as a reference select subjects of study. An interview was used main research procedure together with primary data. The in‐depth allowed us develop deeply into social and personal matters that have experienced communicating English. For sake effective interview, set q...

Conversational listener feedback – small verbal/vocal signals such as ‘mhm’, ‘yeah’, ‘huh?’, head gestures, and facial expressions (Allwood et al., 1992) – is an important mechanism in dialogue that enables interlocutors to e›ciently coordinate meaning and understanding. is mechanism could also be important for the interactive coordination between humans and articial conversational agents. In ...

Increasing attention has been given to Paired Assessment (PA), in which two second language (L2) learners work as status-equal interlocutors to demonstrate their L2 proficiency. Claims have been made that the statusequal format of a PA can provide useful data on a wide range of linguistic and sociolinguistic abilities. These abilities are more typically assessed through interviews, protocols, a...

This paper investigates the effect of voice quality in commutative speech. Voice quality is often considered as the characteristic auditory colouring of an individual speaker's voice, but in our study, we find that voice quality can also reveal information about the interlocutor in everyday social interactions. In the correlation analysis between acoustic measures and interlocutors, the effect ...

When people communicate, they coordinate a wide range of linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors. This process of coordination is called alignment, and it is assumed to be fundamental to successful communication. In this paper, we question this assumption and investigate whether disalignment is a more successful strategy in some cases. More specifically, we hypothesize that alignment correlates...

Language alignment occurs when interlocutors mimic each other’s language. can happen as a result of priming, but may also be mediated by speakers’ beliefs about their interlocutor, including how language-proficient they believe the interlocutor to be. However, it is unknown whether bilingual speakers show such effects. In this study, participant and took turns labelling pictured objects. These ...

One of the central findings in research on the emergence of communication systems is that interlocutors rapidly converge on a shared set of contracted referring expressions (Krauss and Weinheimer, 1966; Clark, 1996) which become progressively systematized and abstract. This occurs for a wide range of referents, e.g. when referring to spatial locations (Garrod and Doherty, 1994), music (Healey e...