-lactamases are a major cause of resistance to the -lactam antibiotics. Many classes of -lactamases have been described depending on substrate specificity and susceptibility to inhibitors [1]. Amp C -lactamases are able to hydrolyse all penicillins and cephalosporins and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid. Bacteria that produce these enzymes are resistant to all penicillins including lac...

Fungi are absorptive feeders and thus must colonize and ramify through their substrate to survive. In so doing they are in competition, particularly in the soil, with myriad microbes. These microbes use xenobiotic compounds as offensive weapons to compete for nutrition, and fungi must be sufficiently resistant to these xenobiotics. One prominent mechanism of xenobiotic resistance is through pro...

Acquired resistance is through the production of AmpC Beta Lactamases (AmpC), Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta-Lactamases Enzymes (MBL). Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is associated with production of ESBL which can hydrolyze oxyimino β-lactams such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and monobactams, however, without any effect on cephamycins, carbapenems and r...

The occurrence of resistances in Gram negative bacteria is steadily increasing to reach extremely worrying levels and one the main causes resistance massive spread very efficient ?-lactamases which render most ?-lactam antibiotics useless. Herein, we report development a series imino-analogues ?-lactams (namely azetidinimines) as non-covalent inhibitors ?-lactamases. Despite structural mechanis...

Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes was investigated among 291 Escherichia coli and 282 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that showed decreased susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins from seven Taiwanese medical centers. CTX-M-type and SHV-type enzymes were the most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. CMY-2-like and DHA-1-like be...

BACKGROUND Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases enzyme are major sources of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics especially in Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Increasing frequency of the co-existence of ESBLs with AmpC-β-lactamases in bacteria is a serious threat for treating bacterial infections. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study wa...

The resistance of bacteria to -lactam antibiotics is to a large extent due to -lactamases (14). There is a wide range of -lactamases, although from a structural standpoint, they can be divided into four classes, A, B, C, and D (11). Each class contains many variants of widely differing substrate specificities and thus clinical importance. Of the canonical four classes, it is perhaps class D tha...

KEYWORDS: Ceftolozane/tazobactamcomplicated urinary tract infectionsPseudomonas aeruginosaextended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producers

Despite the discovery of novel beta-lactamases such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), imported AmpC, and carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamases at least a decade ago, there remains a low level of awareness of their importance and how to detect them. There is a need to increase the levels of awareness of clinical laboratories about the detection of newer beta-lactamases. Therefore, a...

Presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in bacteria is a growing health concern of global significance. The local, regional, national, and international epidemiological studies for extended spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacteriaceae and their encoding genes in foods are still incomplete. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of extended spectrum bet...