mixed convection is a fundamentally significant heat transfer mechanism that occurs in selection industrial and technological applications. in this study, first the laminar mixed convection inside rectangular enclosure with moving wall and aspect ratio=10 is modeled and then the results are compared with other investigate. after showing varity of results, the investigation is continued with tur...

OBJECTIVE When the pedicle screw insertion technique is failed or not applicable, C7 intralaminar screw insertion method has been used as an alternative or salvage fixation method recently. However, profound understanding of anatomy is required for safe application of the bilaterally crossing laminar screw at C7 in clinic. In this cadaveric study, we evaluated the anatomic feasibility of the bi...

In the present paper active separation control of a transitional laminar separation bubble is investigated by means of direct numerical simulations. The specific influence of different forcing amplitudes and disturbance modes on the size and shape of the laminar separation bubble are illustrated. These consist of steady and unsteady twoand three-dimensional Tollmien– Schlichting-(TS)-like bound...

1 The flow properties at the leading edge of a flat plate represent a singularity to the Blasius laminar boundary layer equations; by applying the Lagrangian approach the leading edge velocity profiles of the laminar boundary layer over a flat plate are studied. Experimental observations as well as the theoretical analysis show an exact Gaussian distribution curve as the original starting profi...

IMPORTANCE Considering the potential clinical importance of focal lamina cribrosa (LC) defects as a characteristic structural feature in glaucoma and a risk factor for glaucomatous visual field progression, it may be helpful to know the structure of focal LC defects and the spatial relationship between them and glaucomatous optic disc changes such as neuroretinal rim thinning/notching and acqui...

Intermediate progenitors (IPs) amplify the production of pyramidal neurons, but their role in selective genesis of cortical layers or neuronal subtypes remains unclear. Using genetic lineage tracing in mice, we find that IPs destined to produce upper cortical layers first appear early in corticogenesis, by embryonic day 11.5. During later corticogenesis, IP laminar fates are progressively limit...

The cardiac fiber architecture has an important role in electrophysiology, in mechanical functions of the heart, and in remodeling processes. The variability of the fibers is the focus of various studies in different species. However, the variability of the laminar sheets is still not well known especially in humans. In this paper, we present preliminary results on a quantitative study on the v...

OBJECTIVE In endothelial cells exposed to unidirectional laminar shear stress, endothelial nitric oxide synthase transcription (eNOS), mRNA stability, and protein levels are enhanced. We have previously demonstrated that these changes are associated with increased 3' polyadenylation of eNOS mRNA. Here, we investigated the effect of laminar shear stress on the phosphorylation and localization of...

The transition to turbulence in pipe and plane Couette flow differs from the better understood situation of Taylor-Couette or Rayleigh-Bénard flow in that the laminar profile is stable against infinitesimal perturbations for all Reynolds numbers. Moreover, even when turbulent flow is established, it can spontaneously return to laminar flow. These observations are compatible with the formation o...

Abstract: The laminar combustion characteristics of blends of isooctane and C1–C5 primary alcohols (i.e., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and n-pentanol) were investigated using the spherical expanding flame methodology in a constant volume chamber at various equivalence ratios and volume fractions of alcohol. The stretch effect was removed using the nonlinear methodology. The results ...