The austral summer monsoon onset and post-onset rainfall and their associated low-level winds are analyzed during the August-February season over Indonesia from 1979 to 2006 using surface and satellite products as well as reanalyses and regional climate model simulations. Onset date is defined using a local agronomic definition. Its leading empirical orthogonal function is found to exhibit a la...

Abstract One of the most prominent mesoscale phenomena in coastal zone is sea-breeze/land-breeze circulation. The pattern and its implications for weather areas are well described, with mesoscale-resolving operational NWP models circulation can be captured. In this study, a straightforward method to identify sea land breezes based on change wind direction column above grid point coastline prese...

The sensitivity of sea breeze structure to sea surface temperature (SST) and coastal orography is investigated in convection-permitting Met Office Unified Model simulations of a case study along the south coast of England. Changes in SST of 1 K are shown to significantly modify the structure of the sea breeze immediately offshore. On the day of the case study, the sea breeze was partially block...

In this study we have analysed wind and wave time series data resulting from hourly measurements on the sea surface in Bushehr, the northern part of the Persian Gulf, from 15 July to 4 August 2000. Wind speed (U10) ranged from 0.34 to 10.38 m/s as alternating sea and land breezes. The lowest wind speed occurs at about midnight and the highest at around noon. The calculated autocorrelation of wi...

In Industrial complex, major air pollutants like SO2, NOx, SPM, RPM and CO concentrations were standardised. Some site specific air pollutants like fluoride, H2S, methyl mercaptan, hydrogen chloride, vinyl chloride, etc., were also emitted from industries. Methyl mercaptan is a site specific air pollutant in SIPCOT Industrial complex, Cuddalore, TamilNadu. The presence of methyl mercaptan in th...

The austral summer monsoon onset and post-onset rainfall and their associated low-level winds are analyzed during the August-February season over Indonesia from 1979 to 2006 using surface and satellite products as well as reanalyses and regional climate model simulations. Onset date is defined using a local agronomic definition. Its leading empirical orthogonal function is found to exhibit a re...

Strong vertical gradients at the top of the atmospheric boundary layer affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves and can produce radar ducts. A three-dimensional, time-dependent, nonhydrostatic numerical model was used to simulate the propagation environment in the atmosphere over the Persian Gulf when aircraft observations of ducting had been made. A division of the observations into hig...