humanizing language learning materials helps language teachers to design activities that are linked to learn- ers’ lives and experiences. this can result in higher motivation and engagement in the process of foreign language learning. self-determination theory-based instruction enhances learners’ engagement and motiva- tion through supporting the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competen...

Some classification of grammatical tense in Uzbek linguistics have been studied the article. Although temporal category is one most topics, there no consensus on amount and classifica-tion forms. Also, some classifications do not cover all gram-matical One reasons for these differences fact that categories mood are inextricably linked language. In addition, term present-future tense, separa- te...

Since its launch there has been a plethora of publications about what ChatGPT can and can’t be used for. While OpenAI remained silent the exact place in framework language models. Just ‘Try ChatGPT’ appeared to not best way consider applica-tions for less evident purposes that just composing an essay. The author strong belief knowing something really is adds lot one’s understanding capable of. ...

Cross language retrieval systems use queries in one natural language to guide retrieval of documents that might be written in an other Acquisition and representation of translation knowledge plays a central role in this process This paper explores the utility of two sources of translation knowledge for cross language retrieval We have imple mented six query translation techniques that use bilin...

Data acquisition from a multi‐hop large‐ scale outdoor wireless sensor network (WSN) deploy‐ ment for environmental monitoring is full of chal‐ lenges. This is because the severe resource constraints on small battery‐operated motes (e.g., bandwidth, memory, power, and computing capacity), the big data acquisition volume from the large‐scale WSN, and the highly dynamic wireless link c...

In our paper, we address the problem of estimating stochastic language models based on n-gram statistics. We present a novel approach, rational interpolation, for the combination of a competing set of conditional n-gram word probability predictors, which consistently outper-forms the traditional linear interpolation scheme. The superiority of rational interpolation is substantiated by experimen...

To be practical , recognition systems must deal with uncertainty. Positions of image features inscenes vary. Features sometimes fai l to appear because of unfavorable i l lumination. In this work, methods of statistical inference are combinedwith empirical models of uncertaintyinorder to evaluate andre ne hypotheses about the occurrence of a knownobject in a scene. Probabi l i stic models are u...

Although there are a small number of work to conduct patent research by building knowledge graph, but without constructing graph using documents and combining latest natural language processing methods mine hidden rich semantic relationships in existing patents predict new possible patents. In this paper, we propose vacancy prediction approach named PatentMiner potential based on (KG) attention...

over the past 25 years, autonomy has been a popular focus for discussion and increasingly influential in foreign language educa- tion. most research is concentrated on learner autonomy, while teacher autonomy has been seriously neglected. recently, however, researchers and experts have realized that to enhance learner autonomy, we must enhance teacher autonomy (e.g., benson 2000; little 1995; l...