Abstract As a contribution to the more general discussion on causes of language endangerment and death, we describe ecologies four related languages (Bà Mambila [mzk]/[mcu], Sombә (Somyev or Kila) [kgt], Oumyari Wawa [www], Njanga (Kwanja) [knp]) Cameroon-Nigeria borderland reach an understanding factors circumstances that have brought two these languages, Njanga, brink extinction; third, Oumya...

In here, I provide a description of multiliteracies elementary classroom's ecology according to how an bilingual teacher and language learners in her classroom interact engage with traditional (linguistic) alternative (multimodal) texts arts. This shows their dynamic interactions through biliteracy practices. first outline some examples events practices by describing (written or oral) the media...

Community ecology beginners often struggle to understand theories expressed in complex mathematical formulas and master computer programming. To remedy this situation, article provides a practical, R-based introduction community by illustrating core concepts (vital rates, carrying capacity, density dependence) models that can be used explore the patterns of species abundance diversity. The stru...

Language is characterized by both ecological properties and social properties, and competition is the basic form of language evolution. The rise and decline of one language is a result of competition between languages. Moreover, this rise and decline directly influences the diversity of human culture. Mathematics and computer modeling for language competition has been a popular topic in the fie...

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