When pushing the gate dielectric thickness of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices down to the subnanometer scale, the most challenging issue is the interface. The interfacial transition layers between the high-k dielectric/Si and between the high-k dielectric/gate metal become the critical constraints for the smallest achievable film thickness. This work presents a detailed study on the int...

In the current work, phase equilibria of CaO-SiO2-La2O3-Nb2O5 system at 1200 °C in reducing atmosphere (PO2 = 10−15 atm) was investigated according to melting separation process for extracting lanthanum and niobium resources from Bayan Obo tailing. High temperature equilibrium experiment, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) were used determine compositions pha...

BACKGROUND Lanthanum carbonate is a non-calcium phosphate binder that is effective for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia. However, it is unknown whether treatment with lanthanum affects survival. METHODS We retrospectively collected data on maintenance hemodialysis patients at 22 facilities (n = 2292) beginning in December 2008, a time point immediately prior to the commercial availability o...

BACKGROUND Lanthanum carbonate (FOSRENOL®) is an effective, well-tolerated phosphate binder. The ability of lanthanum to reduce serum phosphorus levels to ≤5.5 mg/dL in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was assessed in a clinical practice setting. METHODS A 16-week, phase IV study enrolled 2763 patients at 223 US sites to evaluate the efficacy of lanthanum carbonate in controlling ...

A patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis presented with fever, anorexia, and nausea shortly after starting oral lanthanum carbonate for phosphate control. Gastric and duodenal biopsies demonstrated diffuse histiocytosis with intracellular aggregates of basophilic foreign material. Transmission electron microscopy, an underutilized diagnostic test, revealed the nature of the...