52 years of data (1949-2000) from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis are used to investigate mechanisms involved in forcing and damping of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability in the South Atlantic Ocean. Organized patterns of coupled ocean-atmosphere variability are identified using EOF and SVD analyses. The leading mode of coupled variability consists of an SST pattern with a strong northeast-sout...

This paper proposes a new MINLP model for heat exchanger network synthesis that includes streams with phase change. The model considers every possible combination of process streams that may arise within a chemical process: streams with sensible heat, streams with latent heat, and streams with both latent and sensible heat. As part of the optimization strategy, the superstructure is modeled wit...

Estimation of latent heat flux at the agricultural field scale is required for proper water management. The current generation thermal sensors except Landsat-8 provide data on the order of 1000 m. The aim of this study is to test three approaches based on contextual models using only remote sensing datasets for the disaggregation of latent heat flux over India. The first two approaches are, res...

The latent heat of fusion, L of the cryobiological media (a solute laden aqueous solution) is a crucial parameter in the cryopreservation process and has often been approximated to that of pure water ( 335 mJ=mgÞ. This study experimentally determines the magnitude and dynamics of latent heat during freezing of 14 different pre-nucleated solute laden aqueous systems using a differential scanning...

The in-flight ice formation and accretion are highly dependent on weather conditions that essentially affect the heat transfer capability. When the temperature is sufficiently cold, the heat transfer is adequate to remove all of the latent heat from the collected water. The rate of rime ice accretion is controlled by the droplet collection efficiency. Otherwise, when the heat transfer is inadeq...

BACKGROUND Trauma/retrieval patients are often in shock and hypothermic. Treatment of such patients usually involves restoring their blood volume with transfusion of blood (stored at 2 degrees C - 6 degrees C) and/or crystalloids or colloids (stored at ambient temperature). Rapid infusion of these cold fluids can worsen or even induce hypothermia in these patients. Warming of intravenous fluids...

The theory of available potential energy applied to a “translating” atmospheric volume is used to estimate the generation of available potential energy for the cyclogenetic, mature, and occluding stages of a mid-latitude cyclone. Primary attention is focused upon the importance of the diabatic process of latent heat release in generating the storm’s available potential energy. In addition, prel...