[1] Field studies suggest that bedrock incision by granular flows may be the primary process cutting valleys in steep, unglaciated landscapes. An expression has been proposed for debris flow incision into bedrock which posits that erosion rate depends on stresses due to granular interactions at the snout of debris flows. Here, we explore this idea by conducting laboratory experiments to test th...

Abstract An accurate means of predicting erosion rates is essential to improve the predictive capability breach models. During growth, are often determined with empirical equations. The equations governed by range for which they have been validated and accuracy coefficients can be established. Most thereby do not account impact material texture, moisture content, compaction energy on rates. met...

Medial tibial plateaux excised during 46 unicompartmental arthroplasties for osteoarthritis were collected and photographed. The anterior cruciate ligament was intact in all joints. In every case the cartilage and bone erosion was centred anteriorly on the plateau and the posterior cartilage was intact. The site of the lesion and the intact state of the cruciate ligaments taken together explain...

Inundation models based on the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) have been shown to perform well for a 3 wide variety of situations even at the limit of their theoretical applicability and, arguably, somewhat beyond. One of 4 these situations is the catastrophic event of floods induced by dyke breach and consequent dyke erosion. The dyke 5 collapse is often not sudden as assumed by many flood simul...

an erosion hazard index methodology (ehim) was developed for assessing stream erosion. the index of stream erosion is designed as a management tool. assessing stream erosion involves consideration of a range of aspects of streams and a value judgment about a desirable state. the assessment of the erosion indicators of streams was based on a state-wide assessment of physical stream condition. a ...

An erosion hazard index methodology (EHIM) was developed for assessing stream erosion. The index of stream erosion is designed as a management tool. Assessing stream erosion involves consideration of a range of aspects of streams and a value judgment about a desirable state. The assessment of the erosion indicators of streams was based on a state-wide assessment of physical stream condition. A ...

Molecular time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging and cluster ion beam erosion are combined to perform a three-dimensional chemical analysis of molecular films. The resulting dataset allows a number of artifacts inherent in sputter depth profiling to be assessed. These artifacts arise from lateral inhomogeneities of either the erosion rate or the sample itself. Using a...

Dental erosion is a pathological condition resulting from the irreversible dissolution of the mineralized portion of the teeth, being recognized in modern society as an important cause of loss of tooth structure. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and its association with diet in Brazilian adolescents of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A population-based study was conducted on a str...

A protocol for three-dimensional molecular thin-film analysis is described that utilizes imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and large-area atomic force microscopy. As a test study, a 300-nm trehalose film deposited on a Si substrate was structured by bombardment with a focused 15-keV Ga+ ion beam and analyzed using a 40-keV C60+ cluster ion beam. A three-dimensional sputter ...

A numerical model was developed for simulating the formation of U-shaped glacial valleys by coupling a two-dimensional ice flow model with an erosion model for a transverse cross section. The erosion model assumes that the erosion rate varies quadratically with sliding speed. We compare the two-dimensional model with a simple shallow-ice approximation model and show the differences in the evolu...