The ultimate lateral resistance of free- and fixed-headed piles in cohesive soil is examined this paper using the three-dimensional finite element limit analysis with upper lower bound theorems. A special concern, that novelty study, devoted to combined effect three important dimensionless parameters; namely, overburden stress factor (n), pile length-diameter ratio (L/D), eccentric length diame...

A constitutive model based on plasticity theory with a non-associative flow rule has been developed. The model is formulated in terms of sleeper displacements and forces, and includes hardening and softening controlled by irreversible transversal (lateral and longitudinal) sleeper displacements. The model has been calibrated using results from lateral and longitudinal ballast resistance tests c...

The role played by lateral roots and root hairs in promoting plant anchorage, and specifically resistance to vertical uprooting forces has been determined experimentally. Two species were studied, Allium cepa (onion) which has a particularly simple root system and two mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, one without root hairs (rhd 2-1) and another with reduced lateral root branching (axr 4-2). Max...

In this study, we report current-driven crystallization promotion for multilevel storage in both lateral and vertical phase-change memories (PCMs). For the lateral device, the active medium consists of a top 50-nm TiN/150-nm SbTeN. It was demonstrated that the number of distinguishable resistance levels can readily reach 16 and even higher. For the vertical device, TiSi3/Ge2Sb2Te5/TiN structure...

Pathogenic bacteria present a large disease burden on human health. Control of these pathogens is hampered by rampant lateral gene transfer, whereby pathogenic strains may acquire genes conferring resistance to common antibiotics. Here we introduce tools from topological data analysis to characterize the frequency and scale of lateral gene transfer in bacteria, focusing on a set of pathogens of...

Lateral and longitudinal resistance of ballasted track are two main indicators for the stability quantification. Aiming at improving lateral resistance, nailed sleeper is studied with single push tests (SSPTs) discrete element modelling (DEM). The SSPTs were applied to study how much can improve, considering different nail lengths (100, 200, 400 mm), also used calibrate validate DEM models. Wit...