In an interactive environment such as a visual language editor, it is not sufficient to apply the same layout algorithm in every situation. Instead, the user often wants to select the layout behavior at runtime. With the approach presented, the user can control the layout behavior by choosing different layout patterns for different parts of a diagram, e.g., a graph drawing algorithm may be appl...

The design of automatic layout algorithms for single graphs is a well established field, and some recent studies show how these algorithms affect human understanding. By contrast, layout algorithms for graphs that change over time are relatively immature, and few studies exist to evaluate their effectiveness empirically. This paper presents two new dynamic graph layout algorithms and empirical ...

MOTIVATION Properly drawn biological networks are of great help in the comprehension of their characteristics. The quality of the layouts for retrieved biological networks is critical for pathway databases. However, since it is unrealistic to manually draw biological networks for every retrieval, automatic drawing algorithms are essential. Grid layout algorithms handle various biological proper...

Automatic graphic object layout methods have long been studied in many application areas in which graphic objects should be laid out to satisfy the constraints specific to each application. In those areas, carefully designed layout algorithms should be used to satisfy each application’s constraints. However, those algorithms tend to be complicated and not reusable for other applications. Moreov...

Many existing automatic graph layout algorithms are unrelated to any particular semantic domain. Designers of such algorithms tend to conform to layout aesthetics, and claim that by doing so, the resultant diagram is easy to understand. Few algorithms are designed for a specific domain, and there is no guarantee that the aesthetics used for generic layout algorithms will be useful for the visua...

Loop layout is a common in the Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), machines arranged around loop and materials are transported unidirectional only. The intention of problem (LLP) determination regulating loop, to minimize maximum congestion among family parts. Artificial immune system (AIS) algorithm, Tabu Search (TS) Improved (ITS) algorithms employed solve these problems. algorithm tested v...