background: metals such as iron, zinc, and copper are critical and necessary for the survival of all living organisms, whereas xenobiotic metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic have no known biologic role. any metals in high doses can have toxic effects. the aim of this work was to evaluate the hematological changes induced by lead as a toxic metal and characterize the potential eff...

there is inadequate knowledge about acute poisoning as a common problem in children. acute poisoning in children, , is one of the health problems, requiring immediate treatment. case report: a two-month-old male infant with discoloration of the nails was admitted to the emergency pediatric unit of imam reza hospital, mashhad, iran in 2014. following clinical evaluations, the blood lead level wa...

BACKGROUND Early childhood lead exposure is associated with numerous adverse health effects. Eliminating blood lead poisoning is a national health objective for 2020. OBJECTIVE To assess temporal trends in childhood elevated blood lead level (EBLL) rates. METHODS Laboratory surveillance data were collected from 1997 to 2011 and analyzed in 2013 using linear regression to assess trends in co...

In May 2012, the CDC adopted a new sliding scale reference value for childhood lead poisoning, reducing the former 10 μg/dL benchmark by half. Using Massachusetts (MA) as a model state, we estimated the change in the population of 9-47 month-olds at risk for lead poisoning. We then examined the impact of the 5 µg/dL reference value on the demographic characteristics of lead risk in MA communiti...