In the Oil & Gas pipeline leak detection market today, there are several software based methodologies available – ranging from simplistic pressure wave methods, to real-time model-based volume balance techniques. All approaches have inherent advantages and disadvantages, defi nable in terms of simplicity of implementation/maintenance needs, reliability, cost, robustness, availability, and accur...

Inverse Transient Analysis (ITA) is a powerful approach for leak detection of pipelines. When the pipe transient flow is analyzed in frequency domain the ITA is called Inverse Frequency Response Analysis (IFRA). To implement an IFRA for leak detection, a transient state is initiated in the pipe by fast closure of the downstream end valve. Then, the pressure time history at the valve location is...

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a sensitive method for intra & extera hepatic bile leak diagnosis. Bile lead may be seen after hepatobiliary surgery, trauma, inflammatory disease or malignant neoplasms. Although sonography and CT scanning are useful for diagnosis of peritoneal or perihepatic fluid, they cannot prove bile ascites. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with Tc-99m-IDA agents is a physio...

The role of unique node identifiers in network computing is well understood as far as symmetry breaking is concerned. However, the unique identifiers also leak information about the computing environment—in particular, they provide some nodes with information related to the size of the network. It was recently proved that in the context of local decision, there are some decision problems such t...

hepatobiliary scintigraphy is a sensitive method for intra & extera hepatic bile leak diagnosis. bile lead may be seen after hepatobiliary surgery, trauma, inflammatory disease or malignant neoplasms. although sonography and ct scanning are useful for diagnosis of peritoneal or perihepatic fluid, they cannot prove bile ascites. hepatobiliary scintigraphy with tc-99m-ida agents is a physiolo...

background: radiotherapy is one of the most important factors which results in negative effects on wound healing and increases anastomosis leakage. diverting loop ileostomy has been usually performed after colorectal anastomosis in cases of colorectal cancer with a history of neoadjuvant radiotherapy to decrease the chance of leakage. considering the side effects of diverting loop ileostomy, th...

background stress urinary incontinence (sui), the most common type of urinary incontinence (ui), is usually defined as leakage of urine during movement or activity which puts pressure on the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing, running or heavy lifting. it is reported in most countries that 15% to 40% of women struggle with sui and its severe implications for daily life, including social intera...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Wherever they are located, dopamine transporters (DATs) clear dopamine (DA) from the extracellular milieu to help regulate dopaminergic signalling. Exposure to amphetamine (AMPH) increases extracellular DA in the synaptic cleft, which has been ascribed to DAT reverse transport. Increased extracellular DA prolongs postsynaptic activity and reinforces abuse and hedonic beha...