Metal oxide surge arresters (ZNO) are used widely in power system to protect equipments from over voltages. Non uniform potential distribution leads to the depressed service life and low safe reliability, so grading ring is applied on HV surge arrester order to uniform the electric field distribution. One of the problems of arresters is leakage current in power frequency that different paramet...

In this paper, in order to attain the maximum ergodic capacity and significantly increase spectral efficiency of wireless communication systems, novel linear beamforming is proposed for dual-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-relay networks. The designed based on maximization signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) signal-to- leakage-and-noise (SLNR). channel state information (CSI) used...

background: the use of electric current during application of etch-and-rinse adhesive systems has been recently introduced to decrease microleakage. this study investigated the effects of an electric field produced by an experimental device for the application of a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive on moist dentin surface. methods: sixty freshly extracted human premolars were used for this study...

Current inversion condition leads to incorrect operation of current based directional relay in power system with series compensated device. Application of the intelligent system for fault direction classification has been suggested in this paper. A new current directional protection scheme based on intelligent classifier is proposed for the series compensated line. The proposed classifier uses ...

This paper presents the effects of instrument transformers connection points on the measured impedance by distance relays in the presence of Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) devices with series connected branch. Distance relay tripping characteristic itself depends on the power system structural conditions, pre-fault operational conditions, and especially the ground ...

This paper is concerned with development of a technique for performance prediction of current transformers (CT), accurately. In this technique, a new optimized model from view-point of both computation time and memory is introduced in order to simulate the current transformers on digital computers. The introduced software in this paper in combination with relay tester equipments can be used ins...

Photovoltaic systems integrated to the grid have received considerable attention around the world. They can be connected to the electrical grid via galvanic isolation (transformer) or without it (transformerless). Despite making galvanic isolation, low frequency transformer increases size, cost and losses. On the other hand, transformerless PV systems increase the leakage current (common-mode c...

this article is a report of calculation and measurements of a p+-n insb photo-diode leakage current fabricated by mesa on the basis of the calculation and measurement of different leakage currents in insb photo-diode along with its variation it shows that at relatively low reverse biases (up to about 300 mv) g-r and shunt current are dominant. but at high reverse biases the tunneling current do...