Cava is a sparkling wine that requires second fermentation in the bottle. Its volatile fraction conditioned by different parameters (grape, vinification process, fermentative yeast, and aging time). During autolysis yeasts release compounds into wine, but lees can adsorb certain on their surface. Therefore, aim of this work was to characterize white rosé Cavas, lees. For this, Cavas (CGR1: 40 m...

Electron beam techniques are indispensable tools for the analysis of surfaces in fundamental as well applied fields science and technology. Significant improvements have been made past decades quantitative understanding electron spectra, particularly with respect to near-surface transport signal electrons. The concept partial intensities is a simple approach providing physical insight into elec...

Lactobacillus fermenti strain 36 is the most frequently used microorganism for the assay of thiamine both in the tube method, (Sarett and Cheldelin, 1944; Fitzgerald and Hughes, 1949), and in the plate method, (Bacharach and Cuthbertson, 1948; Jones and Morris, 1949). Other microorganisms have more recently been suggested for the tube assay; Hoff-Jorgensen and Hansen (1955) used the yeast Kloec...

Wine lees are an under-exploited sludge-like material mainly consisting of yeast cells that, upon fermentation, settle at the bottom wine tanks. Lees from commercial red and white winemaking were processed to yield mannoprotein-rich extracts. An established autoclave-based extraction protocol, as well a simplified version it, applied. The composition obtained extracts was determined. Extracts t...

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection experience antiretroviral-associated liver toxicity more frequently than HIV mono-infected persons. Herein, we report the hepatic safety profile of raltegravir in a relatively large group of HIV/HCV co-infected patients, a population that was poorly represented in the registrational studies. METHODS Prospective, observational ...

Christoph Lees, one of the authors of this Analysis article by Charlotte Dyson and colleagues (BMJ 2011;342:d3120, doi:10. 1136/bmj.d3120), is visiting professor at the Katholieke Universiteit in Leuven (not the Kathalieke Universitiet as we misspelt it in the print version). Lees advised us of this affiliation after the online version of his article had been published. Cite this as: BMJ 2011;3...

Andrew Lees, Professor of Neurology at the National Hospital Queen Square (London, UK), has been recognized as the world's most highly-cited researcher over the 200-year history of Parkinson's Disease. Although he remains actively involved in the investigation of movement disorders, Prof. Lees embarked on a literary career that started in 2011 with the publication of a social history of his nat...