Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 R I. Cyber Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 R II. Imposing Legal Responsibility on Directly Affected States . 491 R III. Responsibility of DAS Before, During, and After Cybersecurity Incidents . . . . . . . ...

the present article tries to prove that there is a reverse relation between the role of state in political society and its liability. in other words, the greater state’s interference with the political society, the less will be its responsibility and hence its liability. on contrary, making limitation to the state’s role in political society will increase its responsibility and thus its liabili...