We report the first patient with pathologically proven leukoencephalopathy associated with hypophosphatemia. A 61-year-old woman had repetitive episodes of decreased consciousness with pontine and pallidal lesions and extensive leukoencephalopathy on MRI, later found to be associated with hypophosphatemia. Although hypophosphatemia has been linked to central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysi...

The toxic leukoencephalopathy syndrome is increasingly recognized, but rarely presents as an acute cerebrovascular syndrome. We report a 23-year-old man with sudden onset of a right hemispheric sensorimotor syndrome and final diagnosis of HIV-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy.

Levamisole is an anthelmintic agent and also immunostimulant drug which is used to treat colorectal cancer. The present study aimed to show accidental consumption of levamisole alone induced multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy. A 53-year-old male was admitted to the Neurology Department of Farabi Hospital (Kermanshah, Iran) with walking inability and recognition disorder. Following clin...

598.O’Brien P, Fleming T (1979). A multiple testing procedure for clinical trials. Biometrics 35: 549–556.Silver SA, Arthur RR, Erozan YS, Sherman ME, McArthur JC, Uematsu S (1995). Diagnosis of progressive multi-focal leukoencephalopathy by stereotactic brain biopsy utilizing immunohistochemistry and the polymerasechain reaction. Acta Cytol 39: 35–44. Sindic C, TrebstC, VanAntw...

Patients with hematological malignancies may develop white matter lesions, which are usually associated with chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for identifying chemotherapy-induced, or "toxic", leukoencephalopathy. Brain biopsy in patients with hematological malignancies suspected of sustaining toxic leukoencephalopathy has rarely been performed, be...

The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for levamisole-induced demyelinating leukoencephalopathy. The clinical features and MRI findings of 15 patients with levamisole-induced demyelinating leukoencephalopathy were retrospectively analyzed. The abnormality rate of the patients was demonstrated to be 100% by MRI, and scattered multiple cerebr...

BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated brain dysfunction has been linked to white matter lesions (leukoencephalopathy) and ischemic stroke. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of brain lesions in septic shock patients requiring magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for an acute neurologic change. METHOD Seventy-one septic shock patients were included in a prospective observational study. Patients und...

INTRODUCTION Leukoencephalopathy, brain calcifications and cysts, known as Labrune syndrome, is a rare syndrome. The etiology is unknown; in some cases it is difficult to differentiate from Coats plus syndrome and diagnosed as cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts. We present the case of a patient with adult leukoencephalopathy, brain calcifications and cysts and discuss ...

Intrathecal and systemic methotrexate (MTX), as well as cranial radiation, are effective modalities to prevent central nervous system relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukoencephalopathy is a well-described adverse effect of MTX therapy and is associated with a wide range of neurological sequelae. Most recent studies of MTX-induced leukoencephalopathy have focused exclusively ...

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is the most prevalent monogenic cerebral small vessel diseases caused by a mutation in the NOTCH3 gene. The clinical manifestations of CADASIL range from single or multiple lacunar infarcts, transient ischemic attacks, dementia, migraine with aura to psychiatric disorders. The features of brain ...