Large-scale (LS) multi-user (MU) multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is considered to be a desirable signal transmission scheme because it can significantly improve the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) of the system. However, there are many difficulties in realizing an LS-MU-MIMO-OFDM system, and one of these is its high peak-...

Grassland managements can affect carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage in grassland ecosystems with consequent feedbacks to climate change. We investigated the impacts of compound fertilization and clipping on grass biomass, plant and soil (0-20 cm depth) C, N storage, plant and soil C: N ratios, soil microbial activity and diversity, and C, N sequestration rates in grassland in situ in the Natio...

conclusions although propofol remains a standard agent for such types of surgeries, lidocaine proved equally effective and coupled with its low cost, minimal side effects and omission of other hypnotic agents was a plausible induction agent and a maintenance drug in the selected cases. case presentation lidocaine was applied as the sole anaesthetic for induction and maintenance during aneurysm ...

This paper presents an adaptive contrast enhancement algorithm with details preserving (ACEDP) to enhance gray-scale image. Initially, the input image is classified into low-, middleor high-level image based on the gray-level distribution of maximum number of pixels. The proposed ACEDP algorithm assigns different plateau functions for different type of image and histogram clipping is then perfo...

-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is multicarrier technique for high data transmission rate commonly used in 4G communication these days also used in digital video broadcasting (DVB) and many more application when ever high data transmission rate is required. The main problem of OFDM is high Peak-to-average power ratio because OFDM is highly sensitive to non-linear region of hi...

Abstract: Recently, we proposed OFDM combined with time division multiplexing (OFDM/TDM) to alleviate the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem of OFDM. To further reduce the PAPR, amplitude clipping can be used. However, the bit error rate (BER) performance degrades and the out-of-band (OoB) power spectrum grows. Therefore, filtering is necessary to suppress the OoB power growth, but...

The objective of this study was to determine the chronology of changes in blood pressure in renalhypertension induced by solid plexiglass clips in rats. Saw blades with the thickness of 0.21-0.22 mm wereused to make clips sized 4 × 2 × 2 mm from a piece of 2-mm thick plexiglass. Rats were subjected to shamoperation or left renal arterial clipping, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks later blood pressure, a...

Persistence, reliability and individual discrimination are essential components for animal marking systems used in behavioural ecology studies. Toe-clipping is the most established marking technique for lizards, but current threats to native populations leave some researchers questioning the use of invasive field techniques. In particular, the effects of toe-clipping on juveniles are not well u...

Alntract: Temporary Occlusion of the Middle Cerebral Artery in the Monkey: Clinical and Pathological Observations • The right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was exposed in monkeys via a retro-orbital microsurgical approach. In 43 animals a temporary occlusive clip was placed on the MCA origin for one to 24 hours. In 20 animals, the origin of the MCA was permanently occluded. Clinical evaluation o...