Understanding the speciation of mercury throughout the coal-combustion process is crucial to the design of efficient and effective mercury removal technologies. Mercury oxidation takes place through combined homogeneous (i.e., strictly in the gas phase) and heterogeneous (i.e., gas–surface interactions) pathways. Both bench-scale combustion experiments [1] and quantumchemistry-based theoretical...

A secure system should exhibit all the functionality that the system designer expects and no functionality that the designer doesn’t expect. Thus whether a system is secure depends on how principals—in particular how adversarial principals—interact with the system. This set of expected adversarial interactions is defined as the threat model. Threat models are characterized of the means, motivat...

The brain is a prototype of a hierarchical system, as Fig. 1 shows. More precisely, it is hierarchical dynamical system. To specify a dynamical system, characteristic state variables and evolution equations governing the change of state should be defined. At the molecular level, the dynamic laws can be identified with chemical kinetics, at the channel level with biophysically detailed equations...

John Barnden, (1986, 1987, 1988), New Mexico State University (NMSU), described the current status and future plans for his CONPOSIT system. Implemented on NASA’s Massively Parallel Processor, the system makes use of a two-dimensional array of registers constructed of simple neuronlike processors; it can represent complex symbolic structures using adjacency between registers as a form of variab...