Fine-Grained lexicalization has been treated as a post process to refine the machine planned discourse and make the machine generated language more coherent and more fluent. Without this process, a system can still generate comprehensible languages but may sound unnatural and sometimes frustrate its users. To this end, generating coherent and natural sounding language is a major concern in any ...

Strong lexicalization is the process of turning a grammar generating trees into an equivalent one, in which all rules contain a terminal leaf. It is known that tree adjoining grammars cannot be strongly lexicalized, whereas the more powerful simple context-free tree grammars can. It is demonstrated that multiple simple context-free tree grammars are as expressive as multi-component tree adjoini...

extended abstract 1. introduction without a doubt, people communicate their feelings and thoughts through discourse and texts. every text is formed based on some metalinguistic variables including, culture, history, relations of power, politics, norms, and rules of the society. the author is supposed to organize a text considering all these mentioned variables and the translator is expected to ...

Languages vary typologically in their lexicalization of PATH of motion (Talmy 1991). Furthermore, lexicalization patterns are argued to a¤ect syntactic packaging at the level of the clause (e.g., Slobin 1996b) and tend to transfer from a first (L1) to a second language (L2) in second language acquisition (e.g., Cadierno and Ruiz 2006). Crosslinguistic and developmental evidence suggests, then, ...

We propose lexical rather than phrasal amalgamation of contextual features. On a theoretical level, the lexicalization of context naturally follows other recent revisions concerned with lexicalization of set-valued features (nonlocal features, quantiier storage). On a computational level, it ooers advantages in using HPSG with head-driven generation algorithms. On a linguistic level, we sketch ...

In this paper we present a fully lexicalized grammar formalism as a particularly attractive framework for the specification of natural language grammars. We discuss in detail Feature-based, Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (FB-LTAGs), a representative of the class of lexicalized grammars. We illustrate the advantages of lexicalized grammars in various contexts of natural language processing,...

Talmy‘s (1985) crosslinguistic typology of lexicalization patterns of motion events have been extensively used in second language acquisition (SLA) research as a means to examine how second language (L2) learners map form, meaning, and function. These studies have yielded some conflicting results regarding the learnability of L2 lexicalization patterns  arguably the oversimplification over and...

Two general methods for the lexicalization of probabilistic grammars are presented which are modular, powerful and require only a small number of parameters. The rst method multiplies the unlexicalized parse tree probability with the exponential of the mutual information terms of all word-governor pairs in the parse. The second lexicalization method accounts for the dependencies between the dii...

DBpedia encodes massive amounts of open domain knowledge and is growing by accumulating more triples at the same rate as Wikipedia. However, the applications often require natural language formulations of these triples to present the information as a natural text. The RealTextlex2 framework offers a scalable platform to transform these triples to natural language sentences using lexicalization ...