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In the treatment of superficial lesions with 8-13 MeV electrons, lead shields are often used to protect the underlying tissue. Measurements were made with film and ion chamber to analyse various aspects of external and internal shielding in electron beam therapy. Data were obtained on the thickness of lead required for shielding, the effect of blocking on dose-rate, electron-backscattering from...

objective: the main objective of this research was the economic valuation of public library services using the contingent valuation. although, estimating the average willingness to pay for public library service, demographics on the willingness to pay, and economic valuation and pricing public library services were other objectives that investigated in this study. methodology: explanatory varia...

purpose: this study examined the performance management component of librarians and library staff using internal valuation models at the central library of astane quds razavi. methodology: this study, based on its nature and the data collection methods, is a descriptive research. the population studied here included public librarians and library patrons at the control library astane quds razavi...

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