The development of new technologies and innovation processes lead companies to improve their processes, resulting in products all the time. Throughout product life cycle, a firm incurs various costs related activities carried out pre-production, production post-production phases. essence strategic management tools is optimize throughout focusing on different stages. Such include target costing,...

The commercial availability of resources and preliminary products is of essential importance for the industry. One aim of manufacturing companies is to know about structural dependencies in the availability of resources along the entire value chain of their products and to also not only know about environmental impacts of a product but also to have information about the economic life cycle and ...