This article studies the implications for the theory of deterrence of (a) the manner in which individuals’ disutility from imprisonment varies with the length of the imprisonment term and (b) discounting of the future disutility and future public costs of imprisonment. Two questions are addressed: Is deterrence enhanced more by increasing the length of imprisonment terms or instead by raising t...

In this address I argue that large reductions in unproductive and unjust uses of imprisonment requires curtailment the over use life imprisonment. go on to discuss how criminologists should engage policy process achieve material prison populations by accumulation many incremental overuse incarceration.

BACKGROUND Mental health is the greatest challenges for the current and future generations. Worldwide, out of the 66 million people suffering from depression; majority (85%) were from low and middle income countries. The prevalence was more common among the prisons population than the community. However, a worldwide consideration given to the problems is very low, particularly for prisoners. ...

We consider the intersection between two striking U.S. trends: dramatic increases in the imprisonment of fathers and increases in the proportion of mothers who have children with more than one partner (multiple-partner fertility, or MPF). Using matched longitudinal administrative data that provide unusually comprehensive and accurate information about the occurrence and timing of imprisonment, ...