A distributed sensing system for apolar hydrocarbons is presented which is built from a chemically sensitive polymer-clad silica fiber adapted to an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) setup. OTDR measurements allow locating and detecting chemicals by measuring the time delay between short light pulses entering the fiber and discrete changes in the backscatter signals that are caused by lo...

A modification of Peng-Robinson equation is described wherein in the parameter b is expressed as a linear function of temperature. The modified equation is then applied to a series of light hydrocarbons and refrigerants, and predicted values for vapor pressure, saturated vapor volume, saturated liquid volume and the heat of evaporation are compared with the corresponding experimental data. ...

reduction of methoxyketon 1 by nabh4 gives methoxyketol 2. allthough acetate and tosylate of this alchohol were not seprated, benzoate ester was isolated. reduction of ketol 2 by lialh4 gives alchohol 4. ketol 9 does not react with methyl magnesium iodide, but methoxyketon 1 react with both methyl magnesium iodide and phenyl magnesium iodide gives corresponding hydrocarbons. keton 13 with pheny...

light hydrocarbons at low temperatures is of interest in the design of the proper equipment to make such separations. In the previous paper4) of this series, the equilibrium relationships for two binary mixtures of carbon dioxide with ethylene and ethane at 0°C have been described. Those for the ethylene and ethsine binaries with carbon dioxide have been shown to form, minimum-boiling azeotrope...

Optimization of the light conditions for biofuel production by the microalga Botryococcus braunii BOT-22 (race B) was performed using monochromatic red light. The lipid and sugar contents were approximately 40% and 20-30% of the cell dry weight, respectively, and about half of the lipids were liquid hydrocarbons. The half-saturation intensities for the production rate of lipids, hydrocarbons, a...

The germination behavior of Sporobolus iocladus seeds including germination percentage, accumulated germination percentage, the average incubation period to germination and germination velocity was studied under laboratory conditions. Treatments included six salinity regimes (0, 70, 140, 210, 280 and 350 mM NaCI) and three sources of oil hydrocarbons; Light Arabian Crude, polynuclear aromatic h...

Irradiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous solution with simulated solar radiation (SSR; a light source with a visible light: UV-A:UV-B ratio similar to that of sunlight) can greatly enhance their toxicity. Two microbial toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri were used to investigate the effect of composition of the growth medium and pre-incubation on the photoinduced toxici...

Magnesium nickel silicate (MNS) has been investigated as a catalyst to convert tars and light hydrocarbons to syngas (CO and H2) by steam reforming and CO2 reforming in the presence of H2S for biomass gasification process at NexTech Materials. It was observed that complete CH4 conversion could be achieved on MNS catalyst granules at 800–900 °C and a space velocity of 24,000 mL/g/h in a simulate...