We describe the comprehensive characterization of homeodomain DNA-binding specificities from a metazoan genome. The analysis of all 84 independent homeodomains from D. melanogaster reveals the breadth of DNA sequences that can be specified by this recognition motif. The majority of these factors can be organized into 11 different specificity groups, where the preferred recognition sequence betw...

tributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Let (s n) be a real sequence, let (σ n) denote the sequence of averages of its first n partial sums. Let lim sup n σ n = β and lim inf n σ n = α, where β = α. We prove that lim sup n s n = β and lim inf n s ...

We prove some inequalities related to the concepts of C1(st) -conservative matrices, C1(st) lim sup and C1(st) lim inf which are natural analogues of (c, st ∩ l∞) -matrices, st lim sup and st lim inf respectively.

Several theorems, inspired by the Krasovskii-LaSalle invariance principle, to establish “lim inf” convergence results are presented in a unified framework. These properties are useful to “describe” the oscillatory behavior of the solutions of dynamical systems. The theorems resemble “lim inf” Matrosov and Smallgain theorems and are based on a “lim inf” Barbalat’s Lemma. Additional technical ass...

lim-7 is one of seven Caenorhabditis elegans LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD)-encoding genes and the sole Islet ortholog. LIM-HD transcription factors, including Islets, function in neuronal and non-neuronal development across diverse phyla. Our results show that a lim-7 deletion allele causes early larval lethality with terminal phenotypes including uncoordination, detached pharynx, constipation and m...

The LIM/homeodomain transcription factor Lim-1 has been shown to play an essential role in early embryonic patterning during vertebrate development. Here we report the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Lim-1 during retinal development as detected by immunohistochemistry using a specific anti-Lim-1 antibody. By double-immunostaining, we have demonstrated for the first time that Lim-1 i...

We describe here the functional analysis of the C. elegans LIM homeobox gene lim-6, the ortholog of the mammalian Lmx-1a and b genes that regulate limb, CNS, kidney and eye development. lim-6 is expressed in a small number of sensory-, inter- and motorneurons, in epithelial cells of the uterus and in the excretory system. Loss of lim-6 function affects late events in the differentiation of two ...