New archaeological excavations and research at BK, Upper Bed II (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania) have yielded a rich and unbiased collection of fossil bones. These new excavations show that BK is a stratified deposit formed in a riverine setting close to an alluvial plain. The present taphonomic study reveals the second-largest collection of hominin-modified bones from Olduvai, with abundant cut marks...

The presence of the residual stresses in bone tissue has been noted and the authors have reported that there are residual stresses in bone tissue. The aim of our study is to measure the residual stress distribution in the cortical bone of the extremities of vertebrates and to describe the relationships with the osteon population density. The study used the rabbit limb bones (femur, tibia/fibula...

OBJECTIVE To construct new size charts for all fetal limb bones. DESIGN A prospective, cross sectional study. SETTING Ultrasound department of a large hospital. SAMPLE 663 fetuses scanned once only for the purpose of the study at gestations between 12 and 42 weeks. METHODS Centiles were estimated by combining separate regression models fitted to the mean and standard deviation, assuming...

Mermaid baby also known as sirenomelia is a rare and usually lethal congenital abnormality with multisystem involvement. Characteristic feature consists of varying degrees of lower limb fusion which in severe form results in single lower limb with nondiscernible limb bones. We herein report a case of sirenomelia with variable malformation. Key-Words: Sirenomelia, Mermaid Syndrome

The lengths of the digital bones of the fore- and hind-limbs obtained post mortem from 40 cattle of different ages were measured using digital radiographs. The lengths of the individual digital bones and the overall length of the digit were determined using computer software. The lateral metacarpal/metatarsal condyle, and lateral P1 and P2 were significantly longer than their medial counterpart...

Studies of directional asymmetry in the human upper limb have extensively examined bones of the arm, forearm, and hand, but have rarely considered the clavicle. Physiologically, the clavicle is an integrated element of the upper limb, transmitting loads to the axial skeleton and supporting the distal bones. However, clavicles develop in a manner that is unique among the bones of the upper limb....

Dwarfing a Giant: Allometry and Ontogeny of Elephant Limb Bones Victoria L. Herridge, and John R. Hutchinson; Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK ([email protected]), Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK Elephants are t...

Measurements of the cross-sectional geometry and length of bones from animals of different sizes suggest that peak locomotory stresses might be as much as nine times greater in the limb bones of a 300 kg horse than those of a 0.10 kg chipmunk. To determine if the bones of larger animals are stronger than those of small animals, the bending strength of whole bone specimens from the limbs of smal...